Retired Athletes Survival And Development Of Theory And Practice Study

Competitive sports in modern society, as a manifestation of the overall national strength, plays a key role in patriotism education, developing national cohesiveness and promoting cultural exchanges between countries. In China, under the whole-nation system (to have things done by utilising nation-wide resources and power) and guided by the"Win Honour for the Country through Olympics Plan", athletes have won many honours for the country and have contributed much to its social development. Proper arrangements for retired athletes are not only their deserved rewards from the society, but also the manifestation of the country's love and care for them. More importantly, such arrangements have a bearing on 1) the long-term building of athletes team, 2) the training and reserve of future potential sports talents, and 3) the improvement of athletic techniques and the sustained development of sports. Research on the arrangements for retired athletes therefore has a great theoretical and practical significance.This essay, uses varied research methods such as literature search, investigation, field survey, comparative study, mathematical statistics, theoretical analysis and interviews, and western economics theories such as employment theory, institutional economics, social security theory, and Input and Output Maximisation Model, to elaborate from a theoretical and practical point of view the retired athletes post arrangement and development, with an analysis of the status quo and principal contradiction of Chinese athletes survival and development. With reference to the social security system for retired athletes in foreign countries and in light of the specific conditions in China, the basic objectives and propositions to solve the problem of Chinese retired athletes'survival and development are proposed, and the solutions to extricating the retired athletes from a negative predicament are explored. Taken Chinese specific situation into account, three problems must be solved to ensure the retired athletes'survival and development. The first one is the comprehensive improvement of athletes'quality by deepening the reform of athletes'cultivation and education systems. The second one is the formation of a new operational mode integrating the whole-nation system and the whole-people system, to make the athlete team construction more dynamic and remove the specific difficulties they face after their retirement. The third one is the comprehensive and gradual reform of the Chinese sports system to gear it to the basic needs of the socialist market-oriented economic system. It is essential, guided by the national sports development strategy including the major international event gold medal strategy, to establish a new mechanism for athletic sports with a combination of overall planning and coordination with market drive. Based on the above discussions, new conclusions on sports theory are drawn, new considerations in sports administrative process proposed and new suggestions on social security policy for retired athletes advanced.This essay is divided into five chapters:Chapter 1 - Analysis of the status quo of retired athletes'survival and development. This chapter, employing the methods of on-the-spot investigation, field survey and mathematical statistics, analyses from the perspectives of sports team construction and development, athletic training, social security system, in-the-service mutual aid insurance against injury and sickness and in-the-service benefits, the advantages and disadvantages of China's athletic sports system based on the whole-nation system, with an emphasis on the path and status quo of retired athletes're-employment, presenting a foundation for further exploration and research.Chapter 2 - Principal contradictions in retried athletes'survival and development. This chapter analyses the principal contractions which give birth to the survival and development predicament of retired athletes, from external factors such as the graveness of the overall employment situation, the immaturity of special care and preferential treatment policy, the imperfect system of organisation, etc., and internal factors such as the obsolete mode of thinking, the high elimination rate, the harassment of injury and sickness, etc. With a reflection of the literacy education deficiency and the whole-nation system characteristic of a three-level training network, this chapter holds that the whole-nation system is an important factor which leads to the competitiveness deficiency of the retired athletes to re-enter the society.Chapter 3 - International comparisons of retired athletes'survival and development. This chapter, employing the comparative research method, deals with the issue of retired athletes'survival and development in three dimensions. First, the comparison and analysis of foreign countries education systems, with an emphasis on the characteristics and operational mode of foreign countries systems combining sports and education, which can be used as reference for running sports education in Chinese colleges and universities. Second, the comparison and analysis of foreign countries athletic systems. Third, the comparison and analysis of foreign countries sports commercial insurance systems, including an introduction of the status quo of commercial insurance market in foreign countries and an analysis of the status quo of sports insurance in modern China and the gap between the two.Chapter 4 - Theoretical research of retired athletes'survival and development. This chapter conducts an in-depth re-examination of the theories relating to retired athletes'survival and development in economics, pedagogy and sports science. Using economic theories, the influence of unemployment theory, social security theory and institutional economics theory to retired athletes'survival and development is discussed. Using pedagogy theories, the short-term effect in developing an athlete's comprehensive quality, the theory about combining sports and education and the theory about combining literacy learning and athletic training are discussed. Using sports science theories, the necessity and problems of the whole-nation system in China are discussed, presenting a theoretical foundation for discussing the solutions to retired athletes'survival and development. Chapter 5 - Basic rationale and solutions to retired athletes'survival and development. The rationales include the harmonious concept of respecting people, seeking a down to earth solution, change of concept and policy from placement to re-employment and the consideration of balance between input and output. Finally, this essay proposes measures to the problems that exist among the retired athletes and their development. These measures are addressed from the perspective of the Chinese situation, the reform of the whole-nation system, establishment of a social security system for athletes, advancement of the integration between sports and education and expansion of ways of re-employment for athletes. Among others, the author highlights the reform and perfection of the whole-nation system.