The Comparative Study Of Female Education Between China And Korea

This thesis is concerning international compare of female education between China and South Korea. Due to geographic and historical essences, there are many similarities in female education in two countries. Women in two countries were both submitted to the authority of patriarchal culture in the ancient tradition of social ethics system and gender depressing. They were not only at the bottom of society and marginalized in history, but also had been excluded from formal education, that is, women had no right to receive education in school. These two countries completed their change from Feudal society to a modern one through external forces under severe social turmoil. In history, western missionaries began to found schools for girls, which lashed the traditional feudal education patriarchal paradigm, broke the shackles in the female sector of the two countries and laid the foundation for the transformation of the education for girls. Because the two countries were both in peril, national saving movements (The"the May 4th"Movement in China and"the March 1st"Movement in Korea) happened in these two countries within two months front and back. Thanks to these movements, women's attitude began to change : the awakening of national consciousness led the women become one of main forces of the anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism; recognizing women should be regarded as human beings and began to fight for their own rights; resolutely smashing the shackles of feudal ethics and strode into society. In order to be wealthy and powerful, revolutionaries in both countries introduced"Western Ideas". The sense of"equality"and"freedom"which were firstly promoted by men had a tremendous impact on female education, leading to the changes of modern women's world view.This thesis takes the perspective of feminism which is one of the most influential culture trends in the contemporary time. Although it stemmed from women's liberation movement, it has formed its unique values and thinking style during the social development at the end of 20th century , which brought about a new revolution in the field of ideology,culture and education of the society. The revolution which happened in the field of education can be seen mainly in criticism and reconstruction of education theories, educational systems and the practice of criticism launch of feminism. They challenge the traditional male-centered educational theory and practice from the perspective of feminism. They considered the purpose of educational was to increase the rights of the women so that they could have the rights of participating in the education, be of equality and got fully developed; they focused on women's personal experience, emphasized women's initiative participation in the education, recognized that women are different., advocated educational reform and criticized gender bias and discrimination to women in education. Although some feminist opinions, which seemingly permeated with the female superior with cognitive ability, were not perfect, its unique perspective, the strong sense of practice and the prominent spirit of the criticism provided an opportunity for reflection of the education study. This perspective not only provides a theoretical weapon for feminism criticizing and the reconstructing Western modern education theory, but also has great significance for us to reflect the status of education and promote education reform and development. From the perspective of gender—female, I compared and analyzed the women's education in China and South Korea dealing with the sensitive problems of gender discrimination and bias in education.In the first place, from the historical changes of female education conception in two countries, we could find out the modern female education conception. In terms of different state condition, there are several differences in the changing process of female education between two countries. However, generally, female education conception develops from pursuing having the same right in receiving education with male.In the second place, from gender perspective, analyze female family education, school education and social education, concerning education conception, education policies, education chance, education content, education power constitution, education environment, etc, in both countries, and make a full compare between these two countries. We could learn from this study: although gender-unequal is expressed in different pattern and extend in these two countries (it is much more serious in Korea), gender discrimination is common in both countries'female education. They have same social gender mode which is based on the similar social culture: male enjoy the power and dominate others, and the most thing for women is her beauty and the capacity of bearing.In the third place, analyze the link between gender-unequal and politics, economics and culture, I'll have a further study on female education to tell the reason of difference in female education in two countries. Through the study, we could know gender discrimination is found in the field of politics, economics, and culture, etc. This thesis tells us education is a branch of traditional social system, so it is restricted by other social objective factors. On the other hand, these factors affect the awareness and courage of fighting for the right of receiving education. Confucius ideology reckons male are superior to female, and Confucius ideology is popular in both countries. So in this thesis, I suggest that Confucius ideology is main cause of gender discrimination in them both. However, there is essential difference in political and economic system, which leads to Chinese female education environment superior to that of Korea. So the extend of gender equality in China is higher than that in Korea.In the last part, analyze Korean reforming policies in pursuing gender equality in education, and enlighten Chinese female education reforming. Korean government has begun to focusing on gender topic since 20 thC70s. Especially, government has passed several laws and rules in recent years to decrease the phenomenon of gender discrimination in career, society service, education and other fields. In Korea, gender equality education has been holding for 15 years, so it appears having made great progress in forbidding gender bias and gender discrimination in education area and promoting gender equality. Although gender equality level in Korea is inferior than that in China, the policies which they adopted to achieve gender equality are valuable to us, such as, making laws and rules for gender equality, creating campus culture of gender equality, reforming school education content, enhancing the vocational instruction and vocational education for female students, carrying out gender education and preventing from sex harass, making teachers realize gender equality conception, constructing female lifelong education system, deepen gender equality conception to adults and students'parents, etc. I argue we should stand on our own condition of female education, at the same time, we could insert and enlighten concerning experience of Korea, to delete gender bias and gender discrimination, and reconstruct female education system for female's overall development. To foster female to fit for the future, this thesis emphasize the gender equality education which has not been an complete system and conscientious area, and make it to be important tool of truly achieving equality, development and peace.