The Historical Changes And Current Situation Of The Innovation Capacity In Science And Technology In The Chinese Universities

Since the 1980s, with science and technology developing greatly and the knowledge economy arising apparently, modern science and technology, coming into every field of the social and economic development in an unprecedentedly strong way, has deeply affected the style of production as well as the way of living. As the first production power, modern science and technology is an important fundamental source in modern social and economic development, becomes the most important element in the development system of the social productive forces, and comes to be the leading forces in guiding future development. With the background of that, the innovating country, taking science and technology innovation as the driving power for the national development, comes into being, and the development road, along which the innovating country walking, has become the common choice among all the leading developed countries in the world.Although the university, characteristic with dense knowledge and talents, plays an undoubtedly important role in building up an innovating country, the current situation studying about the history of scientific research in Chinese universities was comparatively fragmentary and needs further promotion; Moreover, as for the current research at home about this topic, few of them studied the theoretical source; Besides, as to the functions and status of the university in this respect, most studies were mainly involved in the research university while the Non-research universities and the regional universities in particular were rarely paid attention to. So, it has the great theoretical and practical significance in reorganizing the history of scientific research in Chinese universities, in studying the theoretical source in innovating country, in better knowing the status and functions in the innovating country, in making full use of the innovation capacity of science and technology in universities and in pushing forward building up the innovating country.The following constitutes the contribution and the preliminary results of the thesis paper: First, after analyzing the development process of the three college traditional functions by stating the changes of the functions of the western university, we point out that innovation should be regarded as the fourth function during the period of the progress of the modern college.With the analysis of the special process in the scientific and research functions of the Chinese universities, we point out that in our country the university, shown the scientific and research function after the 1911 Revolution, has been characteristic of only one function as teaching, and after Reform and Open-door policy, it has quickly come into a stage of pluralistic development. In this stage of science and teaching thriving nation and building an innovating country, cultivating talents, scientific research, social service, innovation function are all arising and playing the important roles.Second, by the historical analysis of the development of several theories as to the knowledge economy, national innovation system, the innovating country, we have been clear about the historic origin of the theory of the innovating country, pointed out that the theories of the innovating country, originated by Michael E Porter, an American competitive strategic expert whose theories of national advantages diamond system, national economic competition 4 steps theory, economic developing engine theory, the origin of the innovating country theory, are the theories about the national innovating system on how to enlarge the effect of the science and technology innovating country. We have defined the innovating country, introduced the developing strategies of our country's innovation.Third, we have constructed the index system of the university's science and technology innovation, analyzed completely the science and technology innovation capability in universities, and pointed out some features of the innovation base in our country's universities: big bases, abundant human powers, fast development; Some features in science and technology innovation input: fast developing expenditure, rich development projects; Some features in science and technology output: great output, fast promotion. All these fix the position for the universities in building up an innovating country.Fourth, we have discussed the innovation advantages of science and technology, human powers, research project, research organization, cross-disciplinary science in universities, argued the important effect in the construction of innovating country in the higher schools—the main human powers in the original innovation, the new human powers in the result transferring, the cultivating base of innovation talents. We have pointed out that, in the construction of the innovating country, there exist two problems that affect the science and technology innovation capability: the potential of the innovation capacity is not emphasized in the regional universities and the quality of the talent cultivating is declining.We have talked about the elements that affect the quality of talent cultivation in terms of the talent cultivation in the higher education, the reform project of the teaching quality for the under-graduates in the higher schools and the pluralistic views of higher education quality, talent cultivation systems in the popular stage of higher education in our country.We have pointed out that the widely specialized education which is based on general education should be the main mode in our universities, providing the theoretical fundamentals for promoting the talent cultivating quality.Fifth, according to the Index system of science and technology innovation capability in the universities, we have made a complete analysis about the science and technology innovation capability in the regional universities, where about 93.81% universities are located in all. We have referred to the advantages and disadvantages about the material basis, the input and output of the science and technology innovation capability of the local universities. We take shaanxi province as the example to analyze the science and technology innovation capability of the regional universities and the provincial universities in particular. To strengthen the science and technology innovation capability in the local universities, we have concluded 4 strategies: setting reasonably, serving local places, forming characteristics and attracting talents. As for the policy making, we have put forward 3 policies: to push forward the innovation of the regional higher education in step with the national regional development strategy; to establish an interactive mechanism of regional university, local government and the enterprises in the system of regional innovation; to renovate the system of talent cultivation in the regional universities.