Research On The Educational Invesment's Behavior Choice Of Suburb Peasants In The Course Of Social Transformation

China is the large agricultural nation, hundreds of millions peasants stand in the industrialization, urbanized, the modernized entrance. The agriculture, the countryside, the peasant are called now the Chinese society"three agricultural questions", after that grows"the new three agricultural questions", namely"the peasant laborer, the peasant losing land and the village end". No matter is old"three agriculture"questions and"the new three agricultural"questions, the solution relies on the rural education quality enhancement. Along with Chinese society's reforming, the countryside link moves gradually from one which is the homogeneous extremely high acquaintance society by the blood relationship and the geography relations to the opening which is half stranger society.Moreover the go out to work.The opportunity increases with the expansion of the contact radius and life radius, which cause peasants'education idea also correspondingly to change. Generally speaking, rural community's change and the peasant values' transformation cause the modernity strength school education existence soil and the background to change.This kind of change was affecting the peasants'goal of educational investment, educational expectation as well as the choice behaviour pattern of education.But the domestic academic circle limits the peasant behavior question's research to the Western tradition theory, has centered concepts on rationality, morality and justice and survival peasant, have not formed the independent research angle of view. So it does not suit to analyze China with long traditional culture and the dual structure influence time and the big scope of peasant, cannot analyze our country farmer's behavior question in social reforming process. Therefore, we must in the foundation of using for reference, jump out the traditional research model and limit, use the new angle of view to analyze China's behavior, place it under the specific system background and the social background. Moreover, with the widely development of our country birth control, the countryside had fast dropped the fertility rate. In the countryside, the only child family also massively is now born. Social economy's development causes farmer's living standard to improve,"As soon as the country implements the policy of two exempts one makes up", which lightened farmer's education burden. The current economic condition and the family structure no longer restrict the peasants to carry on the educational investment.Therefore, the traditional factor of affecting the peasants to invest education has changed.The peasants'behavior is more affected by system and ideology during transition period.Because educational long-term and uncertain characteristic, peasants'behavior choice is a dynamic process.Especially when educationa lresult and anticipation exist huge disparity, peasants'behavior choice has changed in different education stage. But the former research places peasants'doordinated and balanced program of development on a static view to analyze, lacks dynamic inspection.This research take Parson's social action theory as a pivot, divides the peasant doordinated and balanced program of development behavior choice into the standard orientation (education idea), the goal orientation (investment goal and education expectation) and the condition (doordinated and balanced program of development and invests choice), attempts to conduct the analytical study of the countryside education investment behavior as a whole, but not only inspecting only one aspect of educational disbursement. At the same time, the author uses the way of dynamic and the static state, comprehensively, systematically elaborated the peasants'doordinated and balanced program of development's situation, the influencing factor of different period on peasants'educational Invesment's behavior choice.The auther puts aside limits of the home environment factor analysis which formerly studied, involves the angle of one system analysis. Moreover, the author attempts from the social lamination angle of view to inspect this question. In China, the peasant is not only one kind of occupation; in more significance is one kind of social stratum and the social position symbol. Although the city and countryside and the social stratum don't defer to the unified standards to divide, but basically may regard as one kind of corresponding relationships. Because, under our country traditional dual system's function, the countryside and the city have been defer to two different standards and the rule in the development. The peasant has also had certain differentiation in the occupation in social transformation.Whether the peasant as social stratum of the occupation differentiation investment in education is different from the traditional peasant and city people is the question of this article trying to discuss.This research mainly uses the method of the interview and participates in the observation, takes the questionnaire qualitative method, the author seleced the representative C village as the object of study. The C village is situated at the city and countryside intersection, which is a countryside miniature of Chinese society transition. The suburb peasants'education choice has diverse tendency: Selecting the school in the compulsory education stage and different education orientation in the non-compulsory education stage.This is the question which the traditional peasant has not met in the doordinated and balanced program of development, however it appears in this specific time of society reform, and the suburb peasant of this specific community. Peasant community has the new characteristic in behavior choice inevitably in dual conflicting of modern industrial society and the traditional agricultural society.In the investment in education, the suburb peasant basically approves the modern education idea, has the high educational expectation, hoping the children to accept the university education.The peasant also has the very high enthusiasm of investment in education to the children, but has changed in the investment goal. Hopping the children going to college, jumping the agricultural gate were not the main purpose, but letting the children to study knowledge, grow in experience is the main purpose. Because of the goal's difference, they have differentiation in the concrete education choice. In the compulsory education stage, the peasant has the basic condition investment education. Moreover the reality situation also showed that the general peasants is soulful, hugs to invest the education with great anticipation, positively carries on the investment, starts the new phenomenon of selecting school in the elementary and middle schools. The home environment factor, particularly the current economic condition and guardian's education idea, becomes primary factor of restricting the peasant to carry on the investment in education. In addition, low quality of the secondary and elementary school education and the fine tradition of the village urge the peasant to make the positive doordinated and balanced program of development choice. In the non-compulsory education stage, with the education stage enhancementof the child, the education cost also correspondingly increases, the child learning capability appears day-by-day, this forces the guardian even more to measure between the cost and the income relations, more rational carries on the education choice. The peasant investment in education pursues the maximization benefit, this benefit not only refers to the economic interest, but also, realizing its right, the status, the prestige and so on the benefit of"the non-economic agent"after containing the education.When the peasant realizes this kind of hope is uncertain, they hoped to realize one kind of relative balanced that through accepting the education, now the peasant pursue is not the maximization benefit. All peasants hoped that all child accepts the higher education, after the rational thinking on children's study situation, some peasants hoped that the children read the specialized middle school, some peasants hoped that the children study the technology, some peasants choose discontinue studies and so on.Current economic condition's restriction no doubt is a primary factor, but social environment's influence function is also not neglectted. Especially the two-way job choice of employment with university's increased enrollment.Under the social employment pressure and the education society lamination function,the peasant recomputed education's cost and the income, make the education choice of the family earnings maximization.Through the research the author discovery, the peasant behavior choice's pattern of mainly has two kinds of orientations: Status education orientation and survival education orientation, moreover the peasant more like the survival education. The peasant makes the investment in education to make the family life level enhance and family member's social position, taking education as the way, thus achieving the family overall development as the final goal. Therefore, the family's goal of making the education choice is not only the school record enhancement of children, but effectiveness maximization benefit of the family and the member through the education.