A Study On The Faculty Management Institution Of American Universities And Colleges From The Perspective Of New Institutional Economics

The quality of colleges and universities is determined by a number of factors,but the faculty is a crucial one,because the various functions of colleges and universities are realized by the faculty in the end. As a result,to strengthen the management of the faculty is particularly important. In the whole management structure,the institution is the most basic and fundamental element. Therefore, to research on the faculty management institution of colleges and universities has a greater practical significance. The United States is one of nations with the most high-qualified education of colleges and universities in the world,and has accumulated a wealth of experience and formed their own characteristics in faculty management institution. Therefore,the paper takes the faculty management institution of American colleges and universities as the research target.In the research methods,this paper chooses New Institutional Economics which has been widely applied to a variety of research field in recent years as a fundamental research perspective;and taking the dealing with the relationship between the formal and informal institution as the research core,it makes a comprehensive analysis on the faculty management institution of American colleges and universities from the aspects of Institutional Change,Institutional Structure and so on.The paper consists of the introduction and five chapters. The introduction mainly deals with the research reasons,the research problem,the research present situation,the research methods and the research meaning,value,and so on;at the same time the core concepts involved in this research are defined in it. The following five chapters are the main body of the paper. The first chapter analyzes the relevance of New Institutional Economics for discussing faculty management institution of colleges and universities. In the first,the chapter discusses some basic theories of New Institutional Economics and the theory on institution;then it dicusses the application of New Institutional Economics in faculty management institution research. In order to have an overall grasp of the faculty management institution of American colleges and universities,the second chapter combs the historical changes of it on the basis of relevant theories of New Institutional Economics and its own developing characteristics. In the chapter,the paper divides the history of the faculty management institution of American colleges and universities into three phases:start-up period (1636-1880s),established period (1890s-1970s),and innovation period (1980s-now). And every period is analyzed from the social background,the development of higher education and the faculty management institution of colleges and universities. The third chapter analyzes the structure of the contemporary faculty management institution of American colleges and universities. The chapter introduces the formal and informal arrangements of the faculty management institution of American colleges and universities,based on which it makes a conclusion that the relationship between the formal and informal arrangement is a coupling one. The fourth chapter analyzes the causes for the characteristics of the structure of the faculty management institution of American colleges and universities. Based on the basic points of New Institutional Economics ,the chapter makes a dynamic analysis from the institutional environment and path choice. The fifth chapter predicts the development tendency of the faculty management institution of American colleges and universities based on the development tendency of American society and higher education. Finally, the concluding remark makes a summary of the paper.The research shows that the faculty management institution must be paid great attention to in the improvement of the education quality of colleges and universities. And the key is to solve the relationship between the formal and informal institutions,only by which can the best institutional performance be gained.