On Issues About Sustainable Livelihood Of Land-lost Peasants In The Process Of Chinese Urbanization

With the fast development of urbanization, China same with the majority countries in the world faces the same question: the agriculture land convert into the non-agricultural land massively. Therefore more and more farmers leave the land to move towards the city, and become the special population community:land-lost peasants, which expands day by day and close to 100 milion. Their livelihood becomes a stern question during the process of Chinese urbanization development. The thesis takes land-lost peasants'livelihood problem as the research object. According to the sustainable livelihood analysis model, the thesis analyzes the present situation, characteristic and deep lever reason about the land-lost peasants'livelihood problem via demography, economics, sociology and so many kinds of theories and method. The thesis proposes the land-lost peasants sustainable livelihoods theory frame and makes a comprehensive and systematical design and innovation about the way of the lost-land farmer's livelihood. The entire research develops as the following questions, and tries hard to find the answer.The first,what is the fundamental part about the problem the land-lost peasants faced?The thesis analyzes the relations between the land and the land-lost peasants . It points out the dual function of land, production and social security. With the urbanization, the land-lost famer has to face the cruel fact-the livelihood level decrease. Worry, puzzling and rejection has caused some social conflicts, which has been so expensive institutional cost. Therefore, the sustainable livelihood problem is the fundamental problem of the land-lost peasants , which relates resource, capability and living space of sustainable development. Meanwhile, the sustainable livelihood problem also relates welfare deposit quantity and living competence in the future of the land-lost peasants , and the degree of social risk. To solve the land-lost famer's livelihoods problem is the key for the development of urbanization in china.The second,how to realize and understand the land-lost peasants'sustainable livelihood?The thesis applies new classical economics, new institutional economic, welfare economics and some relative theories for explaining the basic theory of sustainable livelihood. And it makes theoretical correction and supplement about the frame of sustainable livelihood analysis. It points out that transaction cost theory and resource allocation theory are two basic sustainable livelihood theories which can be taken as the logical star point of sustainable livelihood for constructing the model of the land-lost peasants'sustainable livelihood theory and make it become more applicability. Constructing the theoretical frame of land-lost famer's sustainable livelihood provides us the theory support. The thesis points out that sustainable livelihood mainly depend on the efficiency and system of livelihood capital allocation. Livelihood capital and its allocation construct the core of sustainable livelihood. under a improving analytical frame,land-lost peasants sustainable livelihood refers to the farmer, after lost their land, maintains its existing livelihood level do not be lower than it before.The third,what is the fundamental factor of the land-lost peasants'sustainable livelihood ?The thesis takes one chapter for explaining the development of the land institution and the farmer livelihood in history and how the institution affects the development of the farmer livelihood. The thesis explains that the land and its relative institution is the key part of the farmer's livelihood arrangement and decides a series of property right institutions including connecting method, allocating method, management method between the land and the farmer. It also decides the social structure and its change direction, decides a social class and ethics relation. Nowadays, in China, the problem about land-lost peasants'livelihood exposes the existing problem in Chinese farmland property right system. The start point of present institution design makes the land-lost peasants be a weak group during the process of urbanization. Deficiency of property right makes the farmer's land not obtain the full estimate and compensation during the livelihood capital exchange process. Under such a bad livelihood environment, Not only the exchange cost of livelihood capital will rise, but also the institution will fall into a blind point. The land-lost peasants will be hard to achieve pareto optimality. Livelihood worsening is the present situation. So the livelihood poverty is caused by the institution poverty.The last,how to fulfill the sustainable livelihood of land-lost peasants ?The land-lost peasants pursues the benefit maximization of the sustainable livelihood. However, system cost and collocation cost inhibit sustainable development. So how to choose the way depends on its income. In this thesis, the author uses two chapters for answering this question and putting forward suggestions about advancing sustainable livelihoods of land-lost peasants .In reality, the land-lost peasants is difficult to participate in the system reform. So the land-lost peasants and local government exert themselves into the accumulation and collocation of human capital, financial capital, material capital and social capital. This thesis uses many examples for improving it. The thesis takes many cases as example proved the four livelihood ways(human capital dominating pattern, financial capital dominating pattern, material capital dominating pattern, social capital dominating pattern)。However, under such a situation, the income of institutional innovation bigger than its cost, it's right for government to reform present macro-livelihood institution which takes the land as the core. Especially under dual pressures, the livelihood development of land-lost peasants and land requirement of urbanization and industrialization, the local authority starts to establish the livelihood pattern which takes the land natural capital as the domination. This will touch the property right reform which takes the land property right as the core. The fact proved that, this kind of proposition is very difficult to bypass. in order to solve the livelihood problem of land-lost peasants smoothly, we should promote the land institution reform, especially reformation of Collective Land Confiscation. Only in this way, can lost-land farmer obtain the integrate property right income including the surplus of the revaluation part.The thesis takes Chengdu as the example of exploring the way of new urbanization. It points out this kind of way can not only full the land requirement of industrialization and urbanization but also can solve the farmer livelihood development problem well. Although this path needs to carry on the system innovation from many aspects (household institution, management system of urban and rural and so on), this kind of institutional innovation from the aspect of urbanization opens a new way for land-lost peasants'livelihood.To replay above four question reply formed the basic logical and analytic thinking way, also formed the core content and innovation of this thesis. however,many aspects about land-lost peasants'sustainable livelihoods are involved. Therefore, the ability of the complexity study and model analysis is limited. This will also become the direction of further research.