The Historical Rearch On The Source Of University Students In Key Universities From The View Of Equality Of Educational Opportunity

With Equality of Educational Opportunity as the logic starting and ending points,this thesis will explore the domination of opportunity for higher education in variousclasses.This paper,based on first-hand files and questionnaires,carries through ahistorical research on equal opportunities for higher education enrollment status fromcolleges and universities of higher education admissions policies and accessinteractive perspective.On research methods,the thesis will use the combination of quantitativeresearch,qualitative research on interviews and integration of qualitative research andquantitative research,so as to obtain facts that people from various classes havedifferent opportunities for higher education at different periods.Through multidisciplinary integration including sociology,history,education andothers,this thesis explore the problems of equal opportunities for higher educationenrollment status after the founding of PRC.And the thesis amends the theoryproposed by Bourdieu about cultural capital and social capital,and explain thosereasons for the unequal opportunities for higher education at different periods byintroducing the cultural capital,the power of capital,and economic capital.Based onthe expedition of the students' source in a key university in Shanghai after thefounding of PRC,there are some discoveries as follows:1.Opportunities for higher education for people from different classes vary withadmission policies.Equalization of Opportunities for higher education in China hasconfronted with strong political interference.At different periods and with differentsocial values,opportunities for higher education have been allocated in variousclasses by carrying out different admission policies.Key universities known as thebest resources of higher education have attracted people from all walks of life,whoseopportunities for admission will be affected greatly by admission policies.The basicstatus as the following:According to different policies,people from various classes have differentopportunities to enter key universities.Seventeen years after the founding of PRC,children of workers and farmers had more opportunities to enter universities;however, society and the popularization of education,there has been less disparity for peoplefrom various classes to enter key universities,so as females and males.6.Judging from the social capital theory,seventeen years after the founding ofPRC,children of cadres who control the power have absolute advantages to enter keyuniversities.During"Cultural Revolution",recommended admission to universitieswas the main policy.However,power of capital still played an important role inopportunities for admissions to key universities.After the resumption of CollegeEntrance Examination,capitals of power and culture highlighted their advantages inthe competition for admissions.Since the mid-1990s,the powers of capital,culturalcapital,and economic capital have added to the common focus of the opportunity tocompete for university entrance.The Equality of Opportunity for key universities is a historical problem and arealistic topic as well.How to increase the opportunities of socially disadvantagedfarmers' children for major universities is an essential social and educational problem.Some measures have to be done such as eliminating limitation of urbanization orlocalization in higher education,developing overall and compensating properly thebasic education,and wiping out corruption in higher education enrollment,as well asimproving the system of tuition fees,in order to remove the adverse effects on thecompetition for higher education when cultural capital,economic capital,and thecapital of power have affected greatly children of disadvantaged groups.