Tujia Traditional Sports Based Curriculum Development

The basic proposition of culturology—"One's cultural existence means his/her nature"—tells us that people are the subject of obtaining value consciousness from a cultural world, and they are also the existence and implementer of cultural consciousness. The best way to effectively get one's own cultural values and awareness lies in education, during which, curriculum, as the systematic and simplified characterization of cultural values and cultural awareness, plays a key role in achieving the educational functions. Multi-national character of Chinese culture demands people with ethnic culture background, especially the minority children, to have the equal educational opportunities, deserved respect and inheritance of their unique culture and its relevant characteristics.Tujia is an ethnic minority of China with a population of 8,020,000In the new century, how to inherit and develop the Tujia traditional culture? How to make full use of the ethnic resources to achieve Tujia learners' cultural values and consciousness? How to make scattered, declining Tujia tradition systematic and become an effective educational resource? etc. These are the main focus of this thesis. Under the framework of "the three-level curriculum" management based on national basic education curriculum, this thesis tries to explore the school-based curriculum development concerning the traditional ethnic (Tujia) sports culture.Firstly, the article classifies and analyzes the completed researches with regard to traditional sports of ethnic minorities, the traditional PE curriculum, curriculum development of traditional sports of ethnic minorities and Tujia traditional PE curriculum. The results showed that there are many exploration on how to let the traditional sports culture of ethnic groups enter into the field of education in the domestic academic world, but the attentions are out of the Tujia traditional sports culture and the researches concerning the education and curriculum of Tujia traditional sports culture are basically in a fragmented state of spontaneity, which laid a logical starting point for us to carry out the research work.Secondly, the paper makes a comprehensive and systematic study on Tujia traditional sports recourses and the real situation of curricularization of Tujia traditional sports from two methods: One is the overall quantitative investigation and research; the other is qualitative field case study. The paper verified the distribution and preservation status of Tujia traditional sports cultural resources in Chongqing region, made clear the achievements and shortcomings of school-based PE curriculum development, so as to lay a realistic foundation of the research.At the same time, a thorough study was made on the related school-based curriculum development theory and practices in United States, Britain, Russia, France and other countries, as well as Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions, based on which several basic theories were selected concerning the ethnic minority (Tujia) traditional sports-based curriculum development: Steinhaus's "process" model of curriculum theory, Joseph·Schwab's "Practice" mode of curriculum theory, multi-intelligence curriculum theory, as well as multi-culture and multi-ethnic cultural integration theory.Then, based on the above-mentioned theories, a "multi-dimensional" model of the ethnic minority (Tujia) traditional sports-based curriculum was developed. The "multiple" means multi-subject in developing the curriculum, multi-objectives to reach, multi-content to choose, multi- method to implement, multi-way to evaluate, etc. The "three-dimensional" refers to three-dimensional affecting factors of school-based curriculum, three-dimensional organizing process, three-dimensional implementation process, etc. Under the framework of "multi-dimensional" model on developing the ethnic minority (Tujia) traditional sports-based curriculum, this paper elaborates the value pursuit and object system, as well as the content system, implementation system, evaluation system, the security system of developing the traditional Tujia school-based curriculum.Finally, this thesis, under the guidance of the "multi-dimensional development model", carries out some practical development on "earth-day-ball school-based curriculum".In a word, the school-based curriculum development on Tujia traditional sports plays an important role in improving the national "three-level curriculum" management system, inheriting and carrying forward the traditional ethnic sports culture, as well as cultivating the all-round development of the students.Several factors should be taken into consideration on choosing Tujia traditional school-based PE curriculum resources: First is to implement the basic concept of education reform, choose the content of curriculum based on the students; second is to understand the concept of the new PE curriculum reform and choose the content based on students' all-round development; the third is to choose the content according to the physical and psychological development level of students in Tujia areas, regional cultural characteristics, and the level of students studying PE, so as to make sure the content is suitable to the students; the fourth is to choose traditional Tujia sports according to the real situation of the school; the fifth is to optimize the adaptation of the traditional sports events, increase the competitiveness, at the same time prevent sports injuries, and avoid unnecessary accidents.The implementation of developing Tujia traditional PE curriculum should be analyzed from macro, meso, and micro point of view. Different study periods should focus on different subjects, choose different curriculum resources, and implement different class programs.The evaluation of Tujia traditional school-based PE curriculum should be divided into two parts, one is the evaluation of students (same as the other PE evaluation models); the other is the evaluation on the traditional school-based curriculum development results (evaluate from the achieved effect, goal reaching degree, the change of educational concept of school leaders and physical teachers, the changes in students, etc.). Tujia traditional school-based PE curriculum development should take into account the coordination of internal and external security system, which is the key element of curriculum development. Among them, the internal security system includes the attention from the school leaders and PE teachers, support from the students, complete sports venue facilities, thick atmosphere of sport culture in school; external security system mainly includes the attention from the education sector of local government, ethnic and religion committee, local sports bureau, as well as the support from the leaders and experts, students and their parents, thick sports atmosphere of the community, etc.