A Study On Chinese Basic Education Reform In The Perspective Of Views Of Knowledge

Views of knowledge are essential viewpoint about knowledge after philosophy reconsidering deeply, and it is a group of idea that is the sublimation about the source of knowledge, essence, classification, value and so on, which reflects the fundamental view about knowledge in the level of philosophy.Views of knowledge have special significant meaning in educational theory and practice. The problem of knowledge in education actually is a problem about views of knowledge. It can be said that views of knowledge is the premise and foundation of educational practice. Educational concept and practice found on the basis of views of knowledge. Views of knowledge deeply influence educational contents, curriculum, method and style of teaching and aims etc. As a form of educational practice, educational reform is influenced and limited by views of knowledge. The above are most essential point of theory on this study.Chinese basic education has got great achievement but existed some difficult positions after developed modern stage, which manifests in many respects as follows: curriculum knowledge increasingly keeping apart students'common life; over single of curriculum knowledge conflicting students'multiple sprit needs; the present of curriculum content attaching due importance to the result of knowledge and relatively taking a neglects on conditions and process of knowledge origination; too specialization of curriculum knowledge restraining the students'overall development; more practical curriculum knowledge effecting students'overall cultural accomplishment; curriculum knowledge restrained by power conflicting fairness of the basic education; the style of transferring knowledge in educational process becoming mechanical and inflexible; the evaluation of school work holding in high esteem accurate, quantifiable and standardized examination and test. In perspective views of knowledge, objectivism views of knowledge are epistemology origin which made basic education fall into a difficult position, at the same time, itself also facing a lot of theoretical difficulties. So, we should change our views of knowledge in order to resolve quite a number of problems that basic education is facing. In the deep level of thinking, we can say that the present basic education is facing the task of changing views of knowledge. It is not only important premise and contents but also inevitable need linked with basic educational further development that reform or transform objectivism views of knowledge. This is a logic premise on this study.Constructivism views of knowledge and post-modernism views of knowledge provide Chinese basic education reform going a step further with different reference and thinking. In other side, we should make dialectical thinking and cope with carefully. These are the significant contents on this study.We can draw a lot of lessons from constructivism views of knowledge to transform objectivism views of knowledge and to change educational concepts and practice dominated by objectivism views of knowledge. In the level of views of knowledge, the meanings that constructivism views of knowledge to Chinese present basic education mainly manifested as follows: first, constructivism views of knowledge have its original view contrasting with philosophical reflection of objectivism views of knowledge. It had changed objective image of"non-subject"of objectivism views of knowledge. It initiates subject's conscious activity, which coincide with the educational concepts of"people-centered"approach advocated by the current era and fit the intrinsic needs to Chinese present basic education reform. Second, constructivism views of knowledge have changed"views of knowledge of accurate reflecting result"initiated by objectivism views of knowledge and taken a more interested in the constructive and producing process of knowledge. At last, constructivism views of knowledge leads profound views of curriculum, teaching and learning etc in the domain of the basic education, this provides important epistemology foundation for changing views of the basic educational reform. We should not overlook the fact that the constructivism has its'partial and biased. The constructivism is not"wonder drug"contract for full medical coverage.Post-modernism views of knowledge are the views that can be used as a reference to the foundation of our current education reform. The meanings existed in post-modernism views of knowledge are as follows: perfecting goal of knowledge teaching; strengthening public of curriculum; adding appropriately uncertainty of curriculum contain; taking more significant on complexity and self-organization about teaching process; reconstructing equal relation between teacher and student. In the level of the views of knowledge, there are many positive meanings of post-modernism, such as post-modernism views of knowledge abandons the view of absolutism truth, brings one's initiative into full play and changes one's passive position before knowledge; post-modernism views of knowledge emphasizes subjectivity, relativity, uncertainty and uncompleted character of knowledge through denying objectivity, universality and neutrality of modern knowledge, and helps people to completely recognize nature of knowledge. The emergence of the post-modernism views of knowledge reflect definite history trends, in some degree, it satisfied people's practical needs to change views of knowledge. Post-modernism views of knowledge have special characters of partial, extreme, damage and intrinsic contradiction, so it should be transcended.The study aims at grasping contemporary implication of views of knowledge by totally and thinking relative problems about present basic education. The implication of contemporary views of knowledge includes such views, such as essence, classify, value and acquire about knowledge. Study indicates that knowledge have character of relatively objectivity and practicality. Under this premise of belief, the study makes a center of relation between knowledge and people in thinking views of knowledge, changes a direction from over noticing knowledge itself to studying relation between knowledge and people's survives and development, makes clear problems about relation between people and knowledge, the value of knowledge to people and how to acquiring knowledge from perspective of people's cultural character and the need that people's survives and development to cultural knowledge. The meanings that views of knowledge to basic education are as follows: the foundational goal of knowledge teaching existed in promoting people's cultural quality; completely understand"basic knowledge"of basic education; the organization of curriculum knowledge should reflect arrange and stage that people needed knowledge; people's cultural quality was promoted by knowledge about truth, knowledge about good, knowledge about arts.