Research On The Triangular Relation Between University-Government-Market Based On Niche Theory

At the 21st century today, Modern university had surmounted "the ivory tower time" of maintaining distance by far with the society, and entered one kind "the interaction" time with the society. Thereupon, Government, Enterprise as well as Common public also become the influential factor that influences modern university to develop. As "power station" and "center axle organization" in industry society, How university should adjust own structure and management way to strengthen with the social system comedy from government and market, This not only is the question which various countries' university superintendents must frequently face in university decision-making and actual operation, but also the theory point which the research of Modern university needs to ponder.Based on holistic and systematic rational consideration to the above-mentioned problem, the paper adopted a new paradigm of "Niche Theory" in modern ecology as the foundation of methodology and research perspective, and intended to explain and analysis the relation between University-Government-Market by the angle of "ecosystem theories", meanwhile drawing lessons from economics, sociology, management and higher pedagogy etc.From the ecology perspective, University can be seen as a unique biological population, Government and Market are the limiting factors of ecological niche (also known as Habitat) of Modern university. Thus from the view of Niche theory, University-government-market can be reflected on relations of the double meaning, which symbolize the formation and development of Modern university as well as operation and management of university. Firstly, there is a consistency about the establishment and relocation of "whole niche" of Universities and the formation of relation relations between University-Government-Market. Furthermore, The relation between University-Government-Market manifests the dynamic mechanism of university evolution and change of the relations between universities-government-market; Secondly, from the reality Niche of Universities, the pattern of relationship between University-Government-Market can be displayed through the fractal characteristics and patterns of three dimensions niche that are the university's autonomy niche, the University-the Government niche, the University-market niche. This fractal dimension ecology relation has represented the pattern of university's institution movement. It is based on the analytical framework of Niche theory mentioned above; the paper established the double niche model of universities-Government-market relationship, and that are "Niche Lasted Model" and "cross-section niche model." "Niche synthesis model" marked the shape and function of universities under the different mechanism in three phases that is the classic University of Middle Ages,19th century to the late of 20th century's modern university and the contemporary university in 21st century. "Cross-section niche model" is more specific and detailed presentation of the ways and means of interaction that exists between University-Government-Market and manifests the shape and function of universities by the constraints of multiple external mechanisms. Because the difference and diversification of social history and cultural traditions that universities relays on, the mode and the intensity of interaction between university-government-market are different. Therefore, this paper gives further interpretation on "cross-section niche model" by the experiences and the reality of the developed national universities and further confirmations the meaning of "Cross-section niche model" symbolizing the relation between University-Government-Market. At same time, it can be taken as reference path to shaping the relation between University-Government-Market in China. On this basis, this paper furthermore analysis and evaluates the niche's realities of china's university-government-market in China by analytical framework provided "section niche model". It is pointed out that there are non-ecological interactions among university-government-market in China's owing to excessive administrative and mercerization. For this reason, this paper proved the mechanism and guiding path for regulating the niche's relations between universities-government-market in China.