| Since our country's reform and opening-up, with the constant advancement of modernization and the acceleration of the steps of industrialization and urbanization, the social economic constructions in the vast rural areas achieve greatly:the rapid development of production, the constant adjustment of economic structure and productive structure, the advancement of the process of the urban and rural integration, the transition from tradition to modern of the social structure and life style, meanwhile, it is also the period that our rural system is confronted with the greatest human inference, the systematic pressure is strengthened constantly and the systematic structure and function are subjected to unprecedented attack. The intimate relationship between the change of rural ecosystem structure and systematic service function neglected, the rural ecosystem degrades constantly, the environmental quality glides obviously, which seriously influenced the regular action of the service function of rural ecosystem, the healthy life of the inhabitants, the realization of the goal of the socialist new rural construction and the sustainable development of social economy in urban and rural areas.Therefore, we summarized the concept, structure and function characteristics of the rural ecosystem from the view of ecosystem, and analysis the essential features, evolution regulations, the existing problems and the essence of them of the modern rural ecosystem theoretically. Taking the city Yiwu in Zhejiang Province as an example, we put forward the principle, content and evaluation system of the construction of modern new pattern rural ecosystem development model. Furthermore, combining the purpose and requirement of socialist new rural construction, we proposed the basic goal and route of new rural ecological construction, and made the following main research results:First, the health of rural ecosystem is the foundation of social economy sustainable development of urban and rural areas in our country.Both of rural ecosystem and urban ecosystem are the components of the human ecosystem. Not the same as urban ecosystem, the rural ecosystem is characterized as the production of primary material and the offer of ecological service function. It is the foundation of the existence and development of human society. With 7% of the cultivated land of the world, modern rural ecosystem of our country has supported the population which accounts for 22% of world population, and offered the place to live for 745 million inhabitants. The rural ecosystem also ensures ecological security of the vast rural areas and the whole country ecological security, and provides the good ecological foundation for the fast development of the social economy in the urban and rural areas, and plays an indispensable role in safeguarding human cultural variety and uniqueness, passing on the Chinese nation's outstanding traditional culture, relieving the pressure of modern life, keeping in touch with nature and recovering in body and mind for people, and soon.Second, the prospect of the rural ecosystem evolution of our country is depressed.Through studying the evolution course, characteristic and the existing problems of rural ecosystem in Yiwu and the whole country, the research indicates that it appeared a series of ecological problems in the rural area of our country while we made constant progress in the social economy in our rural areas. For example, the enormous changes have taken place in the component, structure and function of the rural ecosystem, the situation of rural environmental pollution becomes more severe, the function of rural primary material production declines, the ecosystem service function is weakened, the construction of rural human settlements does not conform to the development of ecology, and the consumption of the non-living resources, the reduction of self-regulating function, the fracture of the organic circulation structure within the system, etc. Empolying PSR model, the comprehensive appraisal results of evolution course of rural ecosystem of Yiwu reveal that although some beneficial ecological construction measures have been taken, the scores of comprehensive development index of the rural ecological evolution course of Yiwu vary from 73.3 to 76.9 between 1990 and 2005, especially, the pressure index of the rural ecosystem has doubled, increasing from 21.7 in 1990 to 45.7 in 2005, which indicates that the systematic resources and the environmental pressure are still strengthening, and the problem of function decline of rural ecosystem primary material production has not be solved fundamentally, and the regular action of the ecosystem function is confronted with the challenge that is strengthened. It is of great difficulty to improve this situation. The rural ecosystem evolution of our country causes anxiety.Third, the essence of the problem of modern rural ecosystem evolution is the urbanization of the rural ecosystem.Through the analysis of mechanism and driving force of modern rural ecosystem evolution of Yiwu and other rural areas in our country, the essence of the problem of modern rural ecosystem evolution is that the urban ecosystem is in the advantage which mainly congregates and develops the secondary and tertiary industry,while the rural ecosystem is in weak place whose main function is making primary material production and offering ecological service in the course of competition of the major ecosystems in urban and rural areas. Furthermore, the city strengthens its advantage by means of its leading position in economy, politics and culture, and relevant systems arrangement, policy formulation, culture promotion, etc. and then it leads the development of rural ecosystem. The essence of the problem of modern rural ecosystem evolution is the urbanization of the rural ecosystem.Fourth, realizing the transition of the development model of rural ecosystem is the essential assurance for the success of ecological construction of new rural. The gain and loss of ecological construction of Yiwu in recent years indicates that the basic way to change our country's present rural ecosystem development model, to prevent rural ecosystem from degrading and the drop of Environmental quality is realizing the transition of development model of rural ecosystem. Regarding the purpose and requirement of new socialism rural construction as guidance, taking compliance with the rule of ecosystem development and preservation of the ecosystem balance as the principle, we can draw the conclusion that maintenances of the basic structure of rural ecosystem, reasonable exploitation of ecological resources, protection of rural environment, ecological transition of the rural industry, environmental construction of the ecological human settlements, and the promotion of ecological culture are the basic assurance for promoting new rural ecological construction and realizing the rural society, economy and environment sustainable development.The main achievements and study progress in this thesis are mainly as follows:First, we propose systematically that the rural ecosystem had four major service functions such as production, perching, ecology and culture. The rural ecosystem is the foundation of the existence and development of urban ecosystem and the whole human society. Maintaining the basic structure of the rural ecosystem is the foundation of guaranteeing the whole systematic normal function.Second, through analyzing the interactive mechanism and course of the urban and rural ecosystems in the modernization process, we draw the conclusion that the essence of the problem of modern rural ecosystem evolution is the urbanization of the rural ecosystem.Third, in this thesis we propose the development basic mode of new rural ecosystem, and constructe the comprehensive appraisal model and index system of rural ecosystem development, and carried on comprehensive appraisal of the modern evolution course of the rural ecosystem of Yiwu.Fourth, we put forward the basic principle of new rural ecological construction, which makes the productivity of the rural ecosystem continue increasing and the ecological service function of the system take effect regularly on the basis of maintaining the rural ecosystem balance. |
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