| Transportation industry is fundamental to the national economy and the people's livelihood, and the national economy is guarantied and put forward by the enhancement of transportation level, the improvement of transportation quality, the decrease of transportation fee, and the increase of transportation efficiency. It can be said that transportation industry and national economy are interrelated, and the sound and fast development of transportation contributes a lot to the stable and constant growth of national economy. Ever since the reform and opening-up, china has been devoted to develop transportation industry --Implements relevant market-oriented innovation, lowers the admission standards, provides policy support, opens up wider to the outside world, carries out diversified contract management forms. Meanwhile, Sino-Foreign joint venture is permitted, and social capital has been encouraged to invest into the construction of transportation infrastructures. Those measures boost the sound progress of china transportation industry, whose output and product efficiency is enhanced annually.China's transportation industry is divided into railways, highways, waterways, and air transport industry. Of these industries, railways industry has a development history of 100years, and it features that high speed and great deliver volume. In 2008, the volume of passenger traffic reaches 7778.6 billion passenger-kilometers per week, which is an increase of 4.62 times that of 1980. And the volume of freight traffic is 25106 billion ton-kilometers per week, increase by 3.39 times, compared to 1980. By the end of 2008, transport mileage has reached 79687.3 kilometers. China's railways construction passes through from east to west, and links up north and south part, and the major part and minor part combine together. It remains speedy development and advancement. Our highways construction capability has enriched, which insures the highways transport smooth, high efficiency and safety. It is obvious that highways transportation has improved a lot. In addition, waterways transportation system, with long-term and systematic plan, and with infrastructures and management of coastal port being improved, is gradually catching up with the world. Furthermore, air transportation industry has developed fast, and is an important contributor in the national economy development, so, it raise the speed and safety of transportation industry. Since the reform and opening up, by 2008, airline has reached 246.18 million kilometers, which increases 11.6 times, compared with 1980. The total passenger volume is 19251 million, a 55 folds increase, and freight transport is 407.6 million tons, a 44.8 folds increase.Because of the relationship of transport industry and national economy, the research about the transport industry development and factor input and output rate has begun. Based on plenty of domestic and abroad theories and empirical research, this paper provides the reliable information for the sustained development of it. In this paper, the main study and innovation is as follows:First, it makes a review of TFP study results, describes the background information and the significance of this research. It introduces study approach about product rate including Input-output Analysis, Solow's Residual Value Law, and DEA. Moreover, it summaries the current output situation of transportation industry, analyzes the stimulating effect of factor input for this industry's output growth and the distribution features of intermediate inputs.Second, for the product rate of transportation industry and overall national economy, this paper, by the approach of single factor productivity, traditional Solow's Residual Value Law, Stochastic Frontier Production Function and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), comprehensively tests and compares the product rate of this industry and it specific divisions. Also, it explores the changing rules of product rate in the progress of this industry, and the function features of technological progress and efficiency advancement.The estimation of single factor productivity has proved that this industry's capital productivity is of decrease feature and labor productivity is of increase feature respectively. This result is also related to the fast development of this industry and our country's extensive investment. However, when compares with the overall transportation industry, the change of single factor productivity of the specific division of railways industry fluctuate more greatly. The estimation of traditional Solow's Residual Value Law has showed that the productivity of transport industry and its specific division has increased. But, its growth is not stable, and the overall productivity of transportation industry and that of highways industry is similar. The productivity of highways and airways industry has a fierce fluctuation. In the Stochastic Frontier Production Function estimation, it comes out that the productivity is increasing constantly in the oblivion. In different phases, the growth rate of productivity becomes slower gradually. The increase of productivity results from technological progress and technological efficiency advancement, but technological progress contributes more than technological efficiency advancement. The four specific industry's productivity arises also. Of these industries, waterways and airways transport's productivity has a fast growth rate, and railways transport productivity growth is slower than the average level of transportation industries. However, as a result of the random errors in the Stochastic Frontier Production Function, the separate result can be overestimated.The non-parametric Malmquist Productivity Index Approach shows that TFP is divided into resources allocation efficiency change and technological progress rate. At the same time, resource allocation efficiency change is further divided into pure technical efficiency change, scale efficiency change, and handing degree of the input factor changing rate. The technological progress rate is further divided into non-neutral technical progress rate and neutral technical progress rate. Highways transport productivity increases most fast, with a growth rate of 10.19% on average annually, and this comes out of the two effects of the resource allocation efficiency improvement and technological progress. The second is airways transport, with a growth rate of 8.59% on average annually, and its productivity growth mainly results from technological progress, especially neutral technical progress. The one increase most slowly is railways transport industry, which is consistent with the estimation result of Stochastic Frontier Production Function.Third, this paper makes a comparison of transportation industry productivity and national economy productivity by using different estimation approach. The result show that the productivity change of transportation industry is more complicated, compared with that of national economy. And the advancement of them is both due to technical progress.This paper makes a systematic research of transportation industry factor inputs and productivity, applying different study approaches to research the productivity problem of transportation industry and the subdivision industries, and analyzes its changing rules and the reasons of change. The advancement of transportation industry productivity has been an important contributor for the national economy and society stable development.So, the study about transportation industry productivity provides effective basis about the way to raise it, is an important contributor for the national economy and society stable development, and insures the sustained development of this industry.
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