Research On China High-tech Industry Policy Since Reform And Opening

The basic consensus in the modern international society is that the competition among countries is the competition of high technology in essence. The country that takes the lead of the high-tech enjoys more initiatives and more power of discourse and is able to achieve transformation of economic pattern and social leapfrog development. Nowadays every country in the world takes the development of the high-tech industries and seizing the commanding heights of high-tech fields as the strategic objective. China must also develop its own characteristics of high-tech industries and try to take a place in the high-tech fields of the world. In the process of high-tech industry development, Chinese government must play a leverage and constructive role, establish scientifically the high-tech industrial policy and take the road of the high-tech development with Chinese characteristics.In essence, the high-tech industrial policy is a government behavior, which aims to create a fair and open competition environment, promote a rational allocation of social resources, optimize the industrial structure, enhance the capability of independent innovation, and achieve industrial agglomeration and scale economic effect and the leapfrog development of high-tech industries under the condition of the market fundamental role. Historically speaking, the development of high-tech policy in China is divided into five stages as follows:the restoration and exploration period; the start-up and development period; the application and standardization period; the transition and legalization period; the leap-forward and innovation period. And the strategic guiding thought of high-tech policy experienced the historic development from "technology import","market exchanging technology","imitative innovation" to""independent innovation". It also highlights the guidelines of high-tech industry transformation from "the comprehensive arrangement with emphasis of the outstanding", "orienting science and technology undertakings to economic construction, basing economic construction on science and technology", "invigoration the country based on science and education" to "independent innovation, focusing on cross"Based on the policy text analysis and study of the high-tech industrial policy such as policy themes, particular explanation of policy texts and their mutual relationship, We comes to the following conclusion that the structures of policy text is characterized by "more authoritative and strong Elitism", the statutory effect of policy text "more regulation, less legality", the way of policy text making "exploratory and progressive", topic content of policy text "strong concrete, weak foundation "and the trends of policy text making "outstanding initiative, weaken dependency"The policies of high-level talents, technology, tax, investment and finance are key to the high-tech industrial development. At present, the high-level talent policy has the following problems, such as "weak consciousness of laws", "incentive bureaucracy" "project fragmentation","weakening enterprise" and "focusing on the introduction and neglect the self-cultivation". In view of the above, it is necessary to make improvement on the following five aspects:creating an environment conducive to making the best use of talents ability, launching the basic laws of talents, improving the personnel legal system with Chinese characteristics, implementing the strategy of reinvigorating China through human resource development, starting the strategic transformation of "focus on internal training of talents, supplemented by talent introduction"; innovating policy evaluation mechanism, improving the index system of personnel policy evaluation, reforming the system of international cooperation and exchange and highlighting the guidance of enterprise-oriented personnel policy. Technology policy should improve the following three aspects. Firstly, it should integrate civilian technology with military one and concentrate the efforts on the study the critical technology in common in the aim of the leapfrog development of the high-tech industry and bring about the new industrial growth, based on the current national conditions and resources. Secondly, it should increase the theoretic exploration of hi-tech and speed up the transformation of technology to actual productivity in order to form the organic integration of production, education, research and government and mutual communication mechanism. At last, it should establish an international platform of hi-tech communication to enhance regional and international scientific and technological cooperation and economic interaction, inspire and guide the local enterprises to take the road of internationalization of technological innovation.Fiscal policy of high-tech industry should make improvement on the following five aspects.First, it should take the lessons of other countries and ensure the steady growth and investment of Research and Development from the aspect of law; Second, it should come up with the overall plan of the preferential tax and fiscal policies following the rule of high-tech industry development; Third, it should have a clear understanding of the characteristics of high-tech activities and thus improve the system of fiscal and tax preferential policies of encouraging risk investment; Fourth, it should highlight the decisive role of high-tech talents and strengthen the favorite tax motivation of high-tech talent emolument; Fifth, it should implement the performance management of preferential fiscal and tax policies and establish a tax expenditure management in order to achieve "policy creation". As for the investment and Capital raising policy, the government should effectively play a guiding role and function as a lever, improve and perfect the legal system and legal regulations of investment and capital raising, further expand channels of investment and capital raising and create a good external environment for system innovation of investment and capital raising.The Chinese high-tech industrial policy has been playing a constructive role in the process of high-tech industry with Chinese characteristics. It has realized the optimization of resources allocation, the industrial agglomeration and industrial scale effect, which effectively promoted the innovation and technical development. At the same time, the high-tech industrial policy is of prominent Chinese characteristics, which focuses on the following five aspects:Chinese national leaders'substantial support and high attention, "the system of developing the country based on science and technology" and the brand new organization and management system, the innovation strategy of "the interaction between the central government and local governments and promotion together", "focus with limited objectives" based on the Chinese philosophy that some things must be done and the others must be given up; "walking on two legs", organic integration technology and economy.The high-tech industrial development with Chinese characteristics can not go without deeply implementation of the philosophy of Science-based Development. It can not go without bringing the superiority of the socialist system into full play, i.e. concentrating its forces on a major task. It can not achieve an ideal result without integrating the fundamental role of markets and government guidance and combining the market economic system and high-tech industry development. It can not reach the target unless the independent innovation and industrialization are balanced.In short, it is a rational and necessary choice of history and future to take the high-tech industry development road with Chinese characteristics.