Chinese Urban Social Endowment Insurance Policy Changes

In modern society, there are generally three sources of national income: work compensation, capital gains and the redistribution of national income.Pension insurance funds are a kind of redistributed funds. It is the main source of many elderly who live in urban area. From the perspective of social stratification, social allocation of pension funds impacts on the social hierarchy. Therefore, it makes a sociological value to discuss who, when, and how to get the social pension insurance fund. Social pension insurance policy often play a decisive role on the distribution of social pension insurance funds, so the dissertation chooses social pension insurance policy as research context, and analyzes old-age insurance as the redistributed way in the different historical periods.Social pension insurance policy involves the interests of all members of society. Stability is one of its main features. From 1922 to 2007, China has undergone tremendous changes. Social pension insurance policy which has been embedded in this historical period has also undergone changes. Social pension insurance policy constantly adjusts and changes its object. From the perspective of redistribution, it directly affects the individual interests of profit and loss, also affects the status of the beneficiaries in the social stratification, and ultimately affects the whole social structure. From 1949 to 1983, the object of the social pension insurance policy was limited in a certain scale enterprises and served the permanent workers or contract workers. It was subsequently extended to all permanent workers or contract workers of the urban enterprises. From 1984 to 2004, the social pension insurance coverage was gradually extended to all employees of urban enterprises. After 2005, some institutions and their employees, some agencies and organizations and their employees have been included in the social pension insurance policies in some areas. With the evolution of the policy text, social pension insurance policy is to gradually expand the coverage of the object. But in history, as China's social pension insurance policy often adjusts and frequently changes in the short term, is the object whom pension insurance policy covers able to enjoy the appropriate policy commitments? Do the beneficiaries change? This dissertation will make answer to it.The social pension insurance policy does not include social relief, social special care, social welfare, not include the retirement system which is implemented in organizations and institutions in most areas, and does not include enterprise supplementary insurance and commercial insurance. It mainly refers to: According to certain laws and regulations, State establishes a social insurance policy of the basic living for the workers who meet the state obligation of employment of working age limits, and is incapable to work due to old age.Therefore, the main targets of this study refer to a formal policy of urban social pension insurance the state has promulgated and implemented. It is from 1922 to 2007. One major feature of the social pension insurance policy is the changing. It affects the distribution of social pension insurance fund, and how much the insured population benefits.The object of social pension insurance policies is only urban workers, because China's social pension insurance policy has mainly covered the major urban workers. Social pension insurance policy mainly involves three participations of representatives. They are the main national governments (mainly local government), units (most enterprises in urban areas) and individuals (in the main urban workers). There are the independent funds and services.The basic structure of dissertation is divided into three parts and seven chapters to discuss the content of social pension insurance policies, and the results of its implementation. The first part is the literature review. First, the research question was raised. It is how social pension insurance as a kind of the redistribution resource is allocated in among different social strata. Literature review mainly includes two aspects. One focuses on the purpose and significance of the study, the elaboration of the definition of key concept. Secondly the related study of social pension insurance policy home and abroad are described. It focuses on old-age insurance policy and emphasizes on the relationship of social structure and social pension insurance policies.Part II is from Chapter II to VI. The basic framework has three parts. Firstly, each part has a brief description of the social economic structure and social class structure. The main indicators of social economic structure include GDP, industrial structure, economic components and so on. The social class structure is introduced. It is described by the workforce changes, staff mobility and wages. These indicators are the basis for implementation of social pension insurance policy. Secondly, the main rules of social pension insurance policy at each period are described. It mainly describes the policy objectives, policy coverage, the main insured, and the standard treatment. It pays attention to the text analysis of social pension insurance policy.Third, the implementation of social pension insurance policy is assessed. Evaluation indicators include the implementation of policy objectives, the specific data of policy coverage, the requirement of retirement, and the treatment standards. The method which is used for evaluating the results of the implementation is the compare method. It compares the differences in pension treatment between the groups the social pension insurance policy has covered and other groups the social pension insurance policy hasn't covered. The differences come from region, industry, work units and employment.The third part of Chapter isâ…¦,the conclusion part. It summed up the allocation features of the social pension insurance, and the specific impact on the beneficiaries, the distance which the results of the policy implementation departure from the text of the policy in the end, the impact the resource allocation has made on social class structure. When the various sectors of the national wealth gap is widening, and the state aging population trends continue, how should the social pension insurance as a tool for the redistribution of national income better plays its role in the social class structure? At the end, the corresponding recommendations for improvement are put forward for the current problems of the social pension insurance policy...