Research Of New Rural Construction In Poor Western Mountainous Areas

"A tree will be tall, have to consolidate its root, those who want to flow far away, will deepen its source." Throughout the course of the evolution of human civilization, it is a development process from agricultural civilization to industrial civilization. With the development of human civilization, the national economy gradually developed a number of industries, but agriculture has always been at the foundation, is the strategy of industry. From history of the countries development of the world, agricultural and rural modernization is a fundamental symbol of modernization, it is a decisive factor. Without agricultural and rural modernization, there is no modern society as a whole. This is a practical proposition, a historical conclusion. Some countries do not handle the relationship between urban and rural workers and peasants, leading to long-term rural areas' backward, the country's economic stagnation and even regression, hinders the process of modernization."Agriculture is the basis of country." China is a populous country, is also a large agricultural country, agriculture is the basis of China's national economy, farmers are the largest social groups and consumer markets. The problems of farmer, rural areas, agriculture not only impact on our overall economic development, but also concerns the whole society's stability and the full realization of modernization. If the income of peasants do not increase in long-term, not only affect their living standards improvement, but also affect the food production and supply of agricultural products; not only constrains rural economic development, but also restricts the growth of the national economy; not only infect the rural social progress, but also infect objective realization of building a well society; It is not only a major economic issue, but also a major political issue. Thus the importance of "three rural" issue for our country is self-evident, whether in theory or the government sector have given this issue a high priority. Party National Congress proposed to solve contradictions of urban and rural dual structure, Plenum proposed building a new socialist countryside is to the implementation of industry nurturing agriculture and cities support rural policy of the specific embodiment. Report of the Seventeenth Party Congress pointed out:"solve problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers are related to the overall well-off society, must always be the most important task as a party.""Agriculture is a weak industry, farmers are vulnerable groups and rural area is weak link," not input to the rural, agriculture and farmer, to increase the income of peasants is empty talk. Poor mountain is located in the western hilly areas as ethnic regions in the Mountain Areas, geographical environment, harsh climatic conditions, natural resources, poor and uneven development, agriculture and rural economic development are lagging behind, agriculture in general is less competitive, coupled with the price gap between industrial and agricultural products in long-term, rural areas supply a large number of cheap labor, cheap land, it also result in the difference of the urban-rural dual structure, resulting in rural and urban, agricultural and industrial, farmers and the public. Meanwhile, farmers are difficulty to increase income, growing gap is between urban and rural areas, agriculture-related groups incidence is increasing.Farmers in the medical, pension, education, employment, housing and other aspects are in disadvantage, social contradictions are highlighted. These particular regional situation decide the overall, the importance and urgency to solute the "three rural" issue in the western poor areas.Therefore, this article based on the current new ideas of "new countryside construction",learn from foreign models and the development of new rural construction elements of the Review, in examining the construction of new countryside there are numerous internal documents hundreds of models based on the type and focus on regional development model development factor (the focus of development) of new perspective on the east of Wenzhou, southern, and western Pearl River in southern outskirts of Chengdu and Chongqing area mode (mode of the western developed areas), post-earthquake reconstruction mode (mode of western special new Village) made a new research and perspective on the basis of previous research on the adaptation of their regional economic and social development of each model development factors were refined and added new. According to this, the western poor areas to create new rural construction and development of new model elements, the kernel in the absorption of other reasonable basis, can not be copied, must be a new perspective with new ideas, to examine, to coordinate, to promote, to solve the "three rural" issue and get rid of urban-rural dual structure. Proposed the development of rural economy in the western poor areas, can not be completely dependent on the market mechanism, completely relay their development on farmers to solve the problems in rural areas. Essential elements of the new countryside construction, increase the supply of public goods in rural areas, lay the basis for rural development, rural economic development to improve the quality of state to stimulate rural development, energy, and then explore the western poor areas of new rural construction of a new model. To do this also with the national fiscal and financial policies necessary to support construction of rural factors of production to increase the provision of public goods, accelerate channel economic development,to accelerate the construction of small towns of rural people to come back rural areas; to the industrialization of agriculture, appropriate scale, ecological development direction, to resolve the contradictions in the new issue of rural development in order to find the key of western poor areas of rural poverty alleviation, to achieve a balanced development of national and regional economic strategic intentions.According to the article's research ideas, the entire contents of this paper are divided into nine chapters to describe poor areas in western China new rural construction issues. From the article structure,it can be divided into three parts, the first part of which is the thesis of Chapter 1-3, in the western poor areas of this part of the new countryside construction elements of the theoretical basis; the second part is the Chapter 4, in the west Development of Poor Mountain and constraints analysis; the third part is the first 5-9 chapters, is the core of this paper, the specific elements of construction of new countryside, analyzes how the western poor areas for new countryside construction. Specifically look at the following:Chapter 1 is an introduction. It mainly discusses the background, the significance of ideas, paper frame, and the main innovation of this paper and other shortcomings, etc.Chapter 2 is the meaning of the new countryside construction and modes of development of elements of the Review of the literature. Content through the new rural construction, model review and development elements, to resolve the western poor areas and new rural construction and national differences in the past, new rural construction and specificity where, from what angle, what means to take what model, specific measures for the western poor areas of new rural construction. This paper systematically reviews the existing content on the new rural development literature, analysis of the current new construction of new countryside where the past is any difference, and the western poor areas for construction of new rural reality, assimilated their theory, given poor areas in western connotation of the new rural construction. Secondly, through domestic and international model building new countryside than to analyze their new rural construction in different ways and measures to find out their similarities, we sum up the same point as my poor mountainous areas west of the use of the new rural construction, and poor mountainous areas in the west should be made on what model building. Finally, the rural development model on the international and domestic comments, propose the construction of a five-factor model, as the western poor areas the focus of the new rural construction, and find out the path out of poverty.Chapter 3 is the theory support of building new countryside in the western poor areas. It includes the urban-rural dual economic structure theory, market failure, non-profit organizations, and rural public goods theory. By summarize and discuss the theory of rural public goods are classified, that the cause of rural poor areas in Western widening urban-rural income gap between urban and rural public services, as well as the structural imbalances between urban and rural areas is rooted in our long-term implementation of the " highlight industry and light agriculture "," the city first," causing rural dual economic structure.Chapter 4 is the analysis of rural development constraints factor in the western poor areas. This chapter compares the western poor areas and the country, the eastern, central, northeastern and other economic data for comparison over the past decade found that the western and eastern, central, north-east did not narrow the gap but expanded more and more. That to solve the situation in rural areas in poor mountainous areas west and increase income of farmers is a systematic project involving a "three rural" issue the fundamental, and only from the political and economic systems, the development and implementation of economic policies and administrative measures to compensate for market failure to correct market failure and eliminate bias in the urban and rural dual economic system excluded in order to seize on peasant income source, and can find a solution to the income problems of farmers fundamental policy conclusion.Chapter 5 is to discuss the insure of the new rural construction in the western poor areas:fiscal and financial funding support problems. Finance is the blood in agriculture development. This chapter on the concept of fiscal and financial support for agriculture and domestic support for agriculture on the fiscal and financial status of the relevant theories of discourse, according to overseas experience in the practice of fiscal and financial support for agriculture, poor mountainous areas in western China to find out the current financial limitations and their own financial support problems, and make detailed analysis, summarized in poor mountainous areas in western China a new fiscal and financial support for rural development need and feasibilityChapter 6 is about the direction of new rural construction in poor areas of the western:the problems of rural industrialization. Industry is the direction in rural economic development. This chapter analysis the international and domestic situation of rural industrial development, conclude that the poor mountainous areas in the western new rural construction, environmental and natural resources because of geographical reasons, to jointly set up in the rural development organization, regional agriculture, developing the leading enterprises for industrial management of agriculture, regional policy that differentiated to form a concerted effort to strengthen the provision of public goods in rural areas, to develop infrastructure, measures to raise farm income, can be effectively addressed the problem of poverty.Chapter 7 is about the foundation of new rural development in poor areas of the western:economic development of access problems. In economic development, transport logistics is the foundation. This chapter of the western poor areas the building of new countryside construction issues discussed found mostly in poor mountainous areas located in the western mountains deep valleys, there are remote terrain, bad environment, economic backwardness, poor transportation, logistics, underdevelopment, lack of information shortage of funds, Resources vacant, sales and other significant features of nowhere. Traffic seriously restricted its economic development, so in order to rich the first road, which is a prerequisite of economic development. And made poor mountainous areas in the west building of new countryside construction is not just transport corridors, including the building of information access and logistics.Chapter 8 is the key to discuss New Rural Construction in poor western mountainous areas:Rural Training issues, In rural economic development, human resources is the key. This chapter of the western poor areas of new rural construction in the rural areas of Current Situation and constraints found in the western poor areas of new rural construction in rural talent hollow issue is more serious and urgent need of sufficient quantity, quality, full range, reasonable structure, the new rural personnel and new rural construction personnel. Therefore the proposed new rural construction in poor mountainous areas west of talent returning to the work of institutional innovation, inspiration and all kinds of talents back to business.Chapter 9 is to explore the construction of new rural poor areas in Western carriers:the problems of construction of small cities and towns. To develop rural areas, cities and towns is the carrier. This chapter of the western poor areas of new rural construction in the rural urbanization problems in analysis, that the blind expansion of existing cities, due to financial, personnel and other factors, large and medium cities in the urban management system, method and provide public goods large areas still have many shortcomings. The new rural construction in poor mountainous areas west of the lower threshold for the development of small towns is the important combination of urban and rural to connect urban and rural areas of the bond will eventually narrow the urban-rural divide, to break old division of the dual structure of urban and rural areas. Proposed new rural poor areas in the west building, should strictly control the scale of cities, counties and reasonable development of the city, and actively develop rural township point of view.The innovation of this paper including:Firstly, the paper based on four new ideas of the new rural construction, according to industry characteristics and the role classification of government in academia, practitioners, in accordance with the actual situation of their economic development level in the region, industrial structure, resource endowments, the original model are summarized and concluded. On the previous model of rural development with a new point of view, from the perspective of regional development to analyze and refined the development elements of each model, and thus introduced some new models of development, such as:Western China Village reconstruction model. Through internal analysis and comparison studies of the five models of previous domestic factors conducted, we easily analyze its internal rules to facilitate and summarized to identify which common and features from its economic development, the same resources and the environment, geography similar model, so as to extract the elements of the new development model of building for the poor western mountainous areas of new rural construction.Secondly, to adapt to a variety of different regional economic development pattern and development of new rural construction elements of the new definition. From the perspective of regional economic development of the traditional model, and elements of its development were to expand, for example:Wenzhou model, southern Jiangsu model, the Pearl River model, elements construction of Chengdu-Chongqing suburban pattern, Revelation to the western China, etc. In the previous basis of the summary; through the five elements analysis of reconstruction of the town, and industry village, fiscal and financial support and human resources, conclude the mode of reconstruction new village, thus improving the overall model framework.Thirdly, to give "land bank" in the new rural construction the financing function. Construction of new rural financing is the main problem, the predecessors in the "land bank" research, no account of the nature of collective ownership of land and property restrictions, and more to promote land management right, optimizing allocation of land resources for the purpose of the so-called of the "land bank" has been only a transit agency, the basic function of bank loans is not avalible, nor solve the "land bank" of sustainable development funding. The article is talking about the "land bank" is a real focus on the western poor areas, the collective ownership, the security of financial conduct, separation of three powers of the land, (that is, ownership, contract rights, separation of ownership and management) to establish collective ownership " Land Bank "and use the natural resources of the Yangtze River to establish eco-compensation fund, a public listed issuer, as a rural" land bank "to run the capital. Meanwhile, mortgage of land management rights to accelerate the transfer of land and aimed to address a large number of abandoned land and leading enterprises, farmers produce the problem of insufficient funding. Therefore, this study "land bank" is truly the "land resources" transformed to "land capital", and "land bank" of funds with government assistance, the responsibility of helping the poor, truly inclusive nature, can solve poverty in West Mountain rural development funding needs.Fourthly, this paper does system research on the western model of the new rural construction and development elements in poor mountainous areas. Proposed and studied in the general development pattern of the support elements. Should be based on fiscal and financial support to agricultural industrialization management, channel economic development, small towns, personnel training five elements of the western poor areas support the general pattern of the new rural construction of new development model. Specific look:First, fiscal and financial support, the two are interrelated unity, there are complementary in function and thus form a complementary relationship, is a systemic whole, the two must work together to support the new rural construction. Construction of a social nature of rural infrastructure, education, agriculture, insurance, and rural social security system of rural public goods, should the financial means to support. To support rural industries of development, the promotion and circulation of commodities are market-oriented nature of the privacy product construction should be based on the financial means to support the main financial sector can appropriate discount introducing the popular fund into the building. Second, in the field construction, the western poor areas of new rural construction should be in situ in small towns, with more income in approaches to improve treatment and to attract to rural areas of talent, speed up the return of professionals; the One Village One Product or a village of a goods Based on the proposed construction of administrative regions, the development of regional agriculture, ensure the supply of raw materials leading enterprises and to leading enterprises to boost farmers industrialized operation of agriculture. Third, the development of the channel, the paper that the new rural development in poor mountainous areas west to access the building of economic development not only traffic, more importantly, the building of logistics and information channel. Only by improving traffic channel, information channel and the construction of the logistics channel, completely change its transport facilities, uninformed, logistics barriers and flow situation is not busy. To change the western poor areas behind the foundation of new rural construction environment; to improve the develop environment, attract talent, capital, technology, back; to improve the effectiveness of new countryside construction; to achieve the strategic intent of the party and the country.Although this study has made many gains, but the western poor areas is a new rural construction involves extensive, practical and important issues, a thorough study of the problem and needs to have profound theoretical knowledge and accumulated rich experience and mastery of science research methods, and the author of academic quality and research capacity by the limitations, coupled with specific operational by the policy and environmental constraints, the paper certainly has many shortcomings, which require further study and discussion:Firstly, the paper clearly addresses the new rural construction in rural areas in poor mountainous areas west of funds shortage. Using local resources do not change the land property to construct rural land banks to speed up transfer of agricultural land to the capital of land resources, and developed programs and operational procedures, how to set up and the effect still need further study.Secondly, the paper proposes a concept of channel economic, a concept of rural industrialization, a concept of agricultural regionalization, focused on the actual situation in the western poor areas to find out their common ground on Western economic development and promote crossover study of regional development and the rural sustainable development in western region. This concept is proposed, in-depth study will be my future research directions.