| According to the fifth national population census, the population above 65 years old is 88.11 million, accounting for 6.96% of the total population. According to the random sample of population census in 2005, the population above 65 years old is 100.45 million, accounting for 7.69% of the total population. Based on the standard of distinguishing countries with aged population, which is the society with the population above 65 years old taking up more than 7% is an aged one, our country is an aged society already. Among the total population, the rural population is 807.39 million, accounting for 63.91% of the total population and almost 70% of the aged people live in the rural area. The problem of retirement is more prominent in rural area than in urban area. The arrival of aged society triggers huge challenges for public service, social security, etc. The establishment of the social security system for aged people is largely dependent on the establishment of rural retirement system.At present, there are multiple forms of rural retirement security system, which include not only traditional family retirement support system and community retirement support system, but also modern social commercial retirement system. Meanwhile, based on the current land system, land also takes some function for the retirement support of old people. But generally speaking, there is no unified mode in the whole country yet. However, the pace of aging process of rural population is accelerating and the function of the retirement system is restricted more and more because of the birth control policy. So in the development process of rural social security system, we should focus on social retirement insurance.In fact, China started to establish the rural basic retirement insurance system since the 1990's. Up to the end of 1997, the cumulative amount for retirement insurance fund is more than 13 billion yuan. But for the 82 million farmers who have participated in the insurance system, the development still is at the initiating phase. Considering the imbalance in the economic development of our country, rural retirement insurance cannot be promoted on the national basis yet because of immature conditions. The state council abolished the original rural retirement system in 1999 and screened the "rural social retirement system" carried out by civil affairs system. For regions with matured conditions, such practice can be changed to commercial insurance and rural retirement system stopped in the development process. The third plenary session of the 17th central committee has raised the point that "the establishment of new rural social retirement insurance system should follow the requirement of combining methods of individual payment, collective subsidy and government subsidy". It is in this period that some developed regions in our country started to establish new rural retirement system.Since the 21 century, rural retirement insurance system has always been the focus of policy makers and economists. There are abundant researches focusing on whether our country maintains the basic conditions for implementing rural retirement security, the government's responsibilities in establishing retirement security system, which retirement system mode should be adopted in our rural area and how the fund should be collected. Based on these previous researches, this dissertation takes Jiangsu as an example and analyzes the living quality of aged population in rural areas through four aspects, including economic supporting, daily care, spiritual comfort and medical care. It also analyzes the influencing factors for these aspects and the choice of retirement mode of middle aged and young rural residents and analyzes the willingness to pay for retirement insurance and its influencing factors through empirical analysis.The dissertation consists of eight chapters, using survey data from four cities in Jiangsu Province and adopting descriptive and empirical analysis to carry out systematic research on the influencing factors for the living quality of aged people in this region. The main contents and conclusions include the following aspects:Research content one:the status quo of the rural retirement in Jiangsu.This research focuses on the four aspects of economic supporting, daily care, spiritual comfort and medical care in the retirement system and adopts Likert scales to establish ordered logit model for satisfaction level, analyzing the factors influencing the satisfaction for retirement system of aged population. It also raises policy suggestions for promoting the retirement life quality considering the situation and tendency of rural aging phenomenon, respective institutional arrangements for retirement, the consumption satisfying channel of aged population, etc. Research content two:the choosing willingness of retirement system mode for middle aged and young population in rural areas.This research divides the choosing willingness of retirement system mode into two categories:choosing willingness for informal retirement system mode (traditional way to provide for the aged) and choosing willingness for formal retirement system mode (the retirement is mainly dependent on social insurance or commercial insurance). Adopting dual logistic model, this research analyzes the differences of choosing willingness of retirement system for middle aged and young population in rural areas. The result shows that young farmers bear stronger willingness for choosing formal mode than middle aged farmers. Farmers' age, marital status, profession, education level, monthly income, distance from residence to city and the recognition of social retirement insurance and commercial retirement insurance have significant influence on the probability of their willingness for choosing the formal retirement system. Based on this the research forecasts the future development tendency of rural retirement system and introduces experiences from both home and abroad to find the most suitable retirement system for Jiangsu province.Research content three:willingness to pay for new rural retirement insurance in Jiangsu and influencing factors analysis.Using CVM, this dissertation researches the willingness to pay of new rural retirement insurance for rural residents at different levels of government subsidy and the influencing factors. Through the analysis of the distribution of payment willingness, we can get the relationship between the rate of insurance application of the residents and government subsidy level. Further we can analyze how government policy costs change with the change of income and other factors. The results indicate that farmers'payment level is influenced by family size, number of children in the family, number of boys, ratio between number of children and number of old people, income per capita in the family and land per capita in the family.Regarding the three aspects mentioned above, this research draws the following conclusions:Since education has positive influence on the living satisfaction, we should actively promote the development of education career for the old population and conduct training activities based on specific situations. At the same time, we should encourage the old people to participate more in such activities, increase the knowledge for health care and strengthen the confidence about themselves and the feeling of satisfaction so as to boost the living quality. The improvement of the marital status is an important measure for increasing old people's satisfaction for life. Old people with a spouse enjoy higher living satisfaction, which hints us that we should offer more care to old people who have lost their spouses or who live by themselves through the society and the family, and encourage the old people who have lost their spouses to marry again.Children can offer economic support, daily care, and spiritual comfort for old people to increase their quality of living. The satisfaction increases with a larger number of children. Because the growing number of young migrant workers and the implementation of birth control policy, the fertility rate is keeping on reducing. The decreasing number of children and the sole gender of children who takes care of the old may negatively influence the satisfaction. But at the same time, other research indicates that for supporting the old, the daughters'role is as important as that of the sons', which helps to abolish the traditional belief that men are superior to women and offers important guidance for the conversion of thought in the children's gender during birth giving period.From the research conclusions, we can see that social support exert positive influence on the living quality of old people. Children are taking core status in the social supporting network for old people. The order is basically the children, the spouses, other relatives, friends and others. We should respect the old people, making more opportunities for them in joining family decision making and make them feel the realization of self-value through communication and distinguish their loneliness after retirement from work. Health is very important for the living quality assessment of old people. Possessing a healthy body is fundamental for enjoying the life. The society should strengthen the infrastructure construction and mobilize old people to actively participate in sports and other entertainment activities so as to enrich old people's life and promote their health.The retirement mode in Jiangsu is still mainly family retirement system and such mode is the most important way for guaranteeing old people's living. However, with the weakening function of the land, families are becoming more nuclear and many strong labors are becoming migrant workers and for some other reasons, the function of traditional family retirement supporting mode is becoming less and less feasible, which urgently requires the assistance from formal system. Considering that the strong are the future targets for retirement system and their strong willingness for choosing formal retirement system, we should actively promote the social retirement system, especially the implementation of rural social retirement system so as to increase the quality of rural retirement systemStrengthen public education investment in rural areas in order to improve the under developed education level in rural area and realize the goal of making the massive farmers to receive education. Accelerate the economic development of rural areas and promote the implementation of favorable policies for farmers. Reduce farmers'pressure, increase farmers' disposable income so as to strengthen farmers'purchasing power in rural social retirement insurance and commercial retirement insurance.We should actively publicize the social retirement security system by effective means so as to promote farmers'consciousness of participating in rural social retirement insurance and commercial retirement insurance. Allocate resources in different regions properly following the principle of fairness and efficiency. Strengthen the input of policies made, provide with proper fund support and intensify supervision and management mechanism at the same time, perfecting the current retirement system so as to boost farmers' confidence in participating rural social retirement insurance and commercial retirement insurance.
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