Studies On Modern Agricultural Development In Typical Southwestern Karst Rocky Regions

Developing modern agriculture is an important strategic deployment in accelerating agriculturaldevelopment of China in the new era."Certain opinions on promoting sound and rapid economic andsocial development of Guizhou from the State Council"(GF [2012] NO.2) clearly pointed out thatmodern agricultural demonstration zones should be built in the mountain areas of Guizhou includingGuiyang, Zunyi and Bijie. Research on the development strategy of modern agriculture in Bijieprefecture is very important to discovering the right direction and making policies on modernagricultural development. The study can also gather useful experiences on modern agriculturaldevelopment planning in karst areas of Southwest China. Based on the analysis of current conditionsof agricultural economy in Bijie prefecture, evaluation index system of modern agriculture wasconstructed. The model was used to estimating the current development level of modern agricultureand comparing the advantages of the main agricultural products. Furthermore, the agriculturalfunction zone planning was made. Main contents and conclusions were as follows:(1) Compared analysis showed that the modern agriculture and country economy in Bijieprefecture acquired notable development. The results showed that modern agriculture in Bijie hadboth problems and opportunities at the same time. During the "Eleventh five year" period, the modernagriculture and rural economics of Bijie has obtained great progress. The rural economics had asteady growth and the industrial structure had been optimized ceaselessly. The living standard of thefarmer had been improved greatly and the poverty help had been promoted effectively. The functionof agricultural experiment and demonstration was highlighted. However, there were also someproblems in Bijie. The basic agricultural condition was poor and the investment was inadequate. Thecomprehensive level of agricultural production was still low and flabby. The industrial structure ofagriculture was unreasonable and the proportion of grain production was too large, and the specialindustrial advantages had not been played efficiently. The poverty population number was large andthe pressure of increasing income was high. The degree of farmer organization was low and thelogistics industry was underdeveloped, so the industrialization level was not high. The science andtechnology innovation was insufficient and the farming ability personnel quality was not high, so thepromote benefit was not clear. Under the help of Western Great Development and middle Guizhoueconomic zone strategy, the modern agriculture has great opportunities in Bijie which is the keytransportation site among Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunan.(2) Agricultural comprehensive evaluation index system composed of object layer, rule layer(including four first grade index) and target layer (including sixteen second grade index) by means ofthe data from2005to2010in Bijie was constructed in this paper. The index system can syntheticallyexpress the level of modern agriculture technology support, agriculture output, social developmentand the level of sustainable development. The results showed that the development level of modernagriculture in Bijie prefecture kept rising from2005to2010. Development level index of modernagriculture in Bijie prefecture was0.36in2010, which means the preparation stage of modern agriculture. Modern agriculture in Jinsha county, Bijie city and Zhijin city developed relative well andlied in the preliminary implementation stage. The other counties in Bijie prefecture were all in thepreparation stage. Therefore, in order to promote the development of modern agriculture in Bijie area,the agricultural infrastructure, organizational change, construction of urbanization should bestrengthened and the agricultural productivity and the income level of farmers should be improved,the training and the promotion of agricultural technology and the cultivation of large-scale agriculturalproducts processing enterprises should be especially strengthened.(3) The comparative advantage index of agricultural products in Bijie prefecture was calculatedby using the method of comprehensive comparative advantage evaluation. The results showed thatpotato, tobacco, cattle, pig had distinct advantages, while tea and vegetable had no distinct advantages.Compared with data of Guizhou Province in2010, wheat, maize, millet, sorghum, rapeseed, tobacco,cattle, pig, sheep of Bijie prefecture had small comparative advantage with the index under1.5,soybean and potato had stronger comparison advantage with the index of1.96and1.59respectively.Compared with data China of2010, maize, sorghum, soybean, potato, rapeseed, flue-cured tobacco,cattle, pig of Bijie prefecture had relative comprehensive comparative advantage. Therefore, thedevelopment strategy in Bijie prefecture should be implemented according to its advantages andagriculture products difference and characteristic. Food industry should be promoted steadily bykeeping stable production area of corn, sorghum, and soybean. Development strategy of specialagricultural products should be given priority opportunity. Local special ecological animal husbandryshould be developed rapidly.Ecological grassland husbandry in Weining, Hezhang, Nayong should bebuilt.(4) Agricultural function zone planning including agricultural products supply, culturalentertainment and ecological adjustment were made by means of cluster analysis method. Agriculturalproducts supply dominant function zone distributes all counties and includes138towns. Culturalentertainment dominant function zone mainly locates in Bijie prefecture local government and theareas with natural beautiful landscape and especial folk-custom characteristic surrounding everycounty town. This zone includes46towns whose main object is to construct stereo tourism frompoints, lines and areas pattern. Ecological adjustment dominant function zone mainly distributes inWeining, Hezhang and other ecological environment and includes60towns whose main object is tosupply ecological protection barrier and strengthen the fathering works of rock desertification and soilerosion.(5) Based on agricultural function zone planning, seven kinds of development pattern suitable formodern agriculture in Bijie prefecture were summarized according to the characteristics ofagricultural development. In areas with large population and fertile sloping land, stereo agriculturemode of "wuzidengke" should be implemented and improved, while in slope land unsuitable for thegrain,"green robe" mode should be carried out energetically, and the cultivation of flowers, herbs, teaand other characteristic agricultural products should be developed according to the market. In theareas with great rainfall, tall hill and steep slope, small watershed comprehensive management should be implemented fully to strengthen the ecological construction and innovation of science andtechnology. In the production zone of livestock and poultry with high-quality, the recycling economyof animal husbandry mode should be implemented to develop feed resource vigorously, to strengthenthe promotion of ecological breeding technology. In the area surrounding big cities and scenic areas,or in the village and township with special national cultural tradition or beautiful scenery, the leisureagriculture development pattern should be built to promote the class of tourist and to enhance themanagement level of service. In the areas with high level of regional economy and agriculturalproduction technology, the mode of agricultural science and technology park should be extended andto accelerate the transformation of agricultural science and technology achievements. In the townshipswith advantageous economic base, convenient traffic and outstanding dominant industry, it wassuitable to choose mode of industry organization driven to create the development environment ofindustrialization, to strengthen the construction of marketing service system, and to create theindustrial pattern of "one village one taste".(6) Finally, development guarantees system, policy and advisement to modern agriculture inBijie prefecture were put forward. Construction of high quality organization guarantee system, steadcapital support system, powerful science and technology support system and effective farmer trainingsystem should be strengthened. Policies such as ecology compensation mechanism, promote landsources circulation and agriculture industrialization, and risk keep away mechanism should be madeto strengthen modern agriculture ensuring capacity.Main innovation and newly feature in the paper were as follows:(1) Taking county or county level city as the basic evaluation unit, agriculture comprehensiveevaluation index system was constructed. The index system was then used for comprehensive analyzeof the modern agriculture overall development level, modern agriculture technology support,agriculture output, social development and the level of sustainable development of from2005to2010in Bijie prefecture. Based on the analysis, developmental stage and the shortage of modern agriculturein Bijie prefecture were clarified.(2)Using the comprehensive advantage comparative method, comparative advantages of mainagricultural products, agriculture and pasturage industry developing, and structure adjusting directionin Bijie prefecture we evaluated.(3)Taking town as the basic evaluation unit and using cluster analysis method, the agriculturalfunction zone planning of modern agriculture in Bijie prefecture were made. Furthermore, agriculturalproducts supply zone, life ensure zone, ecological ensure zone, tour and entertainment zone, culturalinherit zone were clarified. Finally, the characters and future developing keystones of differentfunction zone in Bijie prefecture were analyzed.