The Research On The Pattern Of Scenic Spots Investment

This paper takes resourceful scenic spots as the research object because the particularity that they are the most in quantity; and the resource is unique, irreplaceable and non-renewable. Seen from the proprietorship, the resourceful scenic spots are owned and managed all by the country. Under the marketing economy background, they are going through the great innovation of the traditional managing system and the investing system, and these have been causing various arguments and can't be unified, so researching on it has important academic and practical significance.However, along with the improvement of our domestic tourism, especially the rise of the leisure and holiday tourism, the demand of the scenic spots is creasing, so scenic spots have been becoming another bottle - neck towards the travel industry instead of the hotels and the transportation. How to use the travel resources to develop the travel industry has been paid attention by the academia and the scenic spots themselves. In recent years, the nation has added the infrastructural investment, and the local governments also used some favorable policies in order to attract the fund. The scenic spots are not only becoming the new increasing spot but the investing hotspot of the tourism industry.Despite all that, the scenic spots are still the lowest marketable ministry in China. Other kinds of tourism corporations, such as hotels, travel agencies, transportation firms, following the modern corporation's institutional requirements, have been reformed with the property right system, and finally become the investment main body that assuming sole responsibility for its profits or losses andany risks and self decision-making. Owing to its depending on the public resources, scenic spots are still invested as the pattern that owned the nation but managed by the local governments. The connotation of this pattern is: the national tourism resources belong to whole people, and State Council is the initial agency of the tourism resources, then through the national administration, tourism resources are relegate to the ministry, such as the Ministry of Constructions Ministry of Culture-. Ministry of Forestry N Ministry of Water Resources <. State Bureau of Environmental Protection in latitudinal, and all levels governments from province to county in longitudinal. As a result, the national scenic spots are formed as a pattern of multilevel and multi-cross-governing.As a result of this pattern, it brings several problems: first, it comes into a conflict with resources united protest and exploitation between the national departments to which resources belong and the local administrational institutions of the tourism areas, so it hard to design/manage or exploit the tourism resources unified, also make the development of the tourism area fall behind. Second, multi-governed mode changes the tourism area to a public property, causing the tourism resources have been overload used. As the economic values of the tourism areas are evident increasingly, some country governments deal in the tourism resources as the general national assets to gain the economical benefits by the excuses of local economy's development, even the local resource departments have taken party in it which should have the responsibility for the protect of the tourism resources. At last, it certainly comes to the resources overload used and destroyed. Thirdly, one of the most important problems of the mode is that local governments invest manpower/capital and material in tourism areas as the investing main body in deed. But actually, most of them face to financial troubles and lead to a serious insufficiency of the protecting funds in scenic spots at last.In this paper, plenty of materials on the investment of the scenic spots have been collected and summarized. Embarked from the nature of the public product belonging to the scenic spots of resource sort, both the evolution of the pattern of the scenic spots investments in our country and the existing problems of investment management system have been analyzed. Moreover, the author has conductedsystematic research to the patterns of the investment on the non-renewable scenic spots public resource, with the successful experiences from investment pattern on national park of the western countries. Following opinions have been proposed:1. Scenic spots of resource sort is a public resource which is unique and non-renewable. This paper, based on the research of the particularity of scenic spots, constructs the investment pattern of scenic spots, and breaks the limitation that constructing the marketing pattern as resource holistic transfer and come into the market with the simple purpose of solving the problem of insufficient investment fund to the scenic spots.2. The products of the scenic spots have been classified into three kinds of investable product in different nature, which providing the basis for the establishment of the pattern of scenic spots investment. The three kinds of products proposed are: pure enterprise investment on the conservation and the demonstration of resource, the investment on the infrastructural facilities and the private investment on the service facilities for tourists.3. Compared with several kinds of approved investment pattern, the author analyzed the factors that influence the establishment of the investment pattern, and proposed to establish the graduation investment pattern according to the social value registration of the resource and the management and financing ability of the main body of the investment. The graduation investment patterns are: the state investment pattern on heritage resources, the provincial level investment pattern on national level resources and the county level investment pattern on provincial level resources. The value protection of resources and the ability of superintendent are unified, and the problems of marketing investment pattern and the state-owned &state-operated pattern are solved, which caused by the lack of the fund and the talented person in the investment management of the present county level government.