Study On Chinese Peasant's Employment Guarantee System

Peasants are the main body of Chinese population. The state of peasant's employment directly decides the whole state of China's employment situation. Yet the deficiency of peasant's employment guarantee directly affects the level of peasant's employment. According to international tradition,it is economic development rules for peasants to obtain employment in non-farming field after the beginning of industrialization course. Peasants also basically turned into industrial workers. Their employment guarantee system had already been brought into whole country guarantee system. But the situation in our country is comparatively special. Mostly because we haven't transferred numerous peasants to obtain employment in non-farming field after the beginning of industrialization course and such condition is still going on till now. So large numbers of peasants gather on land that the question of unemployment of large numbers of peasants projects after the contract system was carried out. This requires peasants to obtain employment in non-farming field. But owing to historical reasons, especially for the partitioned city and rural area household register system, which is practicing for many years,peasants not only have no freedom to obtain employment but also still can not enjoy a series of employment guarantees that city inhabitants possess (such as endowment insurance, medical treatment, bare subsistence insurance and unemployment insurance). At the same time, peasantry workers who enter city to obtain employment cannot get their legal rights and interests effectively guaranteed due to no labour contract. Not only thus, but the safety factor of peasants'employment on lands declines year after year, and the legal rights and interests of agricultural labourer are threatened. The principal reason is that peasants have no ownership of their contract-signed fields. This leads to peasants'contract-signed fields being requisitioned at discretion, and a special stratum—lost-field peasantry emerges. The capacity of single peasant household to resist market risk is insufficient. Thus it intensifies the risk of peasants'employment. The paper is just based on the above situation to systematically study guarantee of peasant's employment, for the aim to conduct omnibearing guarantee for peasant's employment and ultimately to urge the uniform employment guarantee system in whole country to be established and gotten sound. The dissertation is divided into three parts, nine chapters in all. The first part is conspectus of peasants' employment guarantee system, the main content includes: background, purpose, and meaning of study of peasants'employment guarantee system,together with theoretical foundation of peasants'employment guarantee system to be established and gotten sound. The formation of pluralistic structure of Chinese peasant's employment has an urgent need to make the peasant's employment guarantee system established and gotten sound. This is the start of full text. The second part is core of the article, which mainly discusses content of peasants' employment guarantee system. It mainly contains: obtaining employment rights guarantee, accomplishment guarantee, social security, system guarantee, as well as rights and interests guarantee and so on. The third part, namely peroration, which is the ending of the article, is expectation of the peasants'employment guarantee system to be established and to be gotten sound. Chapter One: Introduction It expatiates on studying background, studying purpose and meaning of the dissertation. It carrys on summarizing and appraising research results on peasants'employment guarantee system home and oversea separately, proposes the thinking of studying and the approaches to it, illuminates the possible innovation points of the dissertation. Chapter Two: Theoretical Foundation of Peasant's Employment Guarantee System External theories on employment guarantee are analyzed. The opinion that though external theoretical system on employment guarantee is not scientific, it is still having a certain extent use for reference is put forward. Marxist theory on employment guarantee system is summarized, and suggest is posed that though there exists certain disparity between reality at present and some specific opinions in some treatises of classic Marxism authors on employment guarantee system, the whole theory on employment guarantee system is scientific,and it is still guiding thought and scientific theory to solve the problem of present China's peasant's employment guarantee system. Chapter Three: The Pluralistic Structure of Chinese Peasants' Employment Guarantee System Has Already Formed. Traditional peasants'employment is mainly in agricultural field. However, because of reduction of tillable field and new changes of nation's employment policy as well as polarization of peasants, the peasant's employment takes on a pluralistic structure. It mainly embodies in enterprization, urbanization, internationalization and so on. This requires to implement omnibearing guarantee for peasants being employed in various fields. Only in this way can peasants have the sense of security to obtain employment. So, it is allowed of no delay to get the peasants' employment guarantee system to be established and gotten sound. The guarantee system mainly consists of obtaining employment rights guarantee, accomplishment guarantee, social security, system guarantee, together with rights and interests guarantee, five parts altogether. The following chapters will dissertate one by one. Chapter Four: Rights Guarantee of Peasants'Employment Since ancient times, peasants'employment rights had been restricted and violated. The representation forms and reasons are different from one another at one time and another. Furthermore, the restriction of peasants'employment rights is one of important reasons for Chinese peasants'poverty over along period of time, for lag of city's development, for slow market economy development, and for social transformation difficult to realize. To get rid of land restriction on peasants and give them rights and freedom to select employment are not only the call of peasants but also the urgent needs of China's social development. In recent years, "the three peasants'"problems are being paid full attention to. The core of "the three peasants'"problems is the problem of peasants, and the core of the problem of peasants is peasants'employment problems. To solve the problem of peasants'employment, the problem of peasants'employment rights must be solved. As a result of peasants'employment rights are restricted and aggrieved, so many social problems have been solicited. It disturbs society stability, obstructs society development. In this chapter, measures to solve peasants'employment rights problem are discussed. These mainly includes: to constitute and put in practice laws to guarantee peasants'employment rights, such as the law of peasants'employment rights guarantee and so forth, to establish corresponding policies to guarantee peasants'employment rights according to reality in every district. People,which mainly refers to urban population,should update their ideas, fully recognize that their ancestors being peasants themselves, change their opinions of peasants, help peasants to turn into townspeople as quick as possible, thus to accelerate the steps of China's urbanization, and thus to form a Chinese characteristic guarantee system of peasants'employment rights from laws, policies and ideas three aspects. Chapter Five : Education Guarantee of Peasants'Employment This chapter first discuss the relationship between lowlihead of peasants'accomplishment and level of peasants'employment, and then defines the meaning of peasants'employment accomplishment. It analyzes the reason and actuality of lowlihead of peasants'accomplishment. And basing on this foundation, it puts forward approaches to solve the problem of lowlihead of peasants'accomplishment. The approaches mainly include: to comprehensively strengthen compulsory education to raise accomplishment from headstream, and to vigorously strengthen professional training to make existing accomplishment of peasant labour force can adapt to the developmental requirements of modern market economy. Using the experiences of oversea peasants'employment training for reference,it discusses the targets,principles,modes and methods of peasants'employment education and training .A Chinese characteristic education and training system of peasants'employment is designed at last. Chapter Six:Social Security of Peasants'Employment This chapter mainly discusses the composing parts of social security of peasants'employment. They are bare subsistence insurance, endowment insurance, medical treatment insurance and social relief, four parts altogether. The necessity and urgency of every part to be established and gotten sound, as well as the content of existing problems and corresponding countermeasures and soforth aspects during the process of its being established and gotten sound, are omnibearingly discussed. A Chinese characteristic social security system of peasants'employment is then formed. Chapter Seven: System Guarantee of Peasants'Employment The system obstacles that peasants face to obtain employment mainly refer to household register system. Because the partitioned city and rural area household register system seriously ties peasants'hands and feet, it is impossible for peasants to select employment freely. Meanwhile, the insecurity of peasants'employment on lands mostly belongs to the lack of effective protective regulations of lands that peasants contract running, as well as the impossibility of single peasant household to resist increasingly serious agricultural risks. So the system guarantee in this chapter designs into household register system reform, protection system innovation of peasant household contract running lands, and establishment of agricultural policy-characteristic insurance system, three systems altogether. As to other single system, they are discussed separately in every chapter. This chapter dissertates on them from the viewpoint as a whole. Chapter Eight: Rights and Interests Guarantee of Agricultural Labourer Stratum Employment Owing to the peasantry class has already split up into four stratums, namely agricultural labourer stratum, peasantry worker stratum, rural area intellectual and administrative personnel stratum, as well as rural area nonpublic ownership economic personage stratum. While peasants who belong to the latter two stratums have already kept in very little contact with lands, and these stratums'peasants have already mainly entered upper social fields in our country, their rights and interests guarantee of employment is basically resolved. So, what the dissertation emphatically studied is the problem of rights and interests guarantee of employment of the former two stratums. This chapter mainly analyzes the presentation of infringement of agricultural labourers'rights and interests during the process of their employment as well as the reasons for agricultural labourers having no methods to protect their legal rights and interests themselves. On the foundation of using oversea experiences for reference, the route selection of agricultural labourer stratums'rights and interests guarantee—peasants organizationalization is put forward. Chapter Nine: Rights and Interests Guarantee of Peasantry Worker Stratum(this part population accounts for 25 per cent of all employment peasants) This chapter analyzes the meaning of peasantry workers and its constitution, and draws the conclusion: peasantry workers have already been the important composing parts of China's industrial workers. The reason and presentation of infringement of peasantry workers'legal rights and interests during the process of their employment are stressed discussing on. Andcorresponding countermeasures are put forward. It mainly includes:to comprehensively implement labour law and its mutually reinforcing laws and regulations,to formulate various policies that are beneficial to the protection of peasantry workers'legal rights and interests, and to establish ideal and belief that treats human as fundation, to make innovations of government's regulatory regime and so on , eight measures altogether. Conclusion: To establish and make sound of Chinese peasants'employment guarantee system is a systematic and great project. It involves various aspects of work. This dissertation has preliminarily discussed it only from theoretical pointview, and puts forward some preliminary measures and methods, which still need practices to test. There are still many problems deserve further discussion. For example, when an organic wholization of urban and rural employment guarantee system can establish. This part is the fundamental objective of the dissertation. It talks about the question that must be solved as soon as possible in China's future development. Only thus can the ruling position of CPC be better strengthened and consolidated, for people's selection is the key to the ruling party's existence.