A Study On The Employment Of Landless Peasants In The Process Of "One Step Urbanization" In Chenggong New District

Under the background of rapid urbanization, a large number of land-lost peasants appeared in a short time in Chenggong New Area. Their household register status changed from peasants to urban residents overnight, but due to the fast speed of land acquisition, unreasonable interests distribution mechanism of land requisition and deficiency of employability skills to fit in with the needs of urban survival, life of landless peasants hasn’t been improved prominently as urbanization process pushes on, instead,they are confronted with more difficulties, such as employment. Because employment and Employment level affect peasants sustainable livelihoods in cities,which is not the problem of just one generation, as well as offsprings of the land-lost peasants.This paper, taking landless peasants employment as the research object, applies relevant theories and methods of economics, sociology and statistics to proceed stratified random sampling questionnaire survey for peasants in six streets of Chenggong District. The questionnaire involves six aspects of respondents, such as basic situation, the current situation of employment, career expectation,entrepreneurial ability and evaluation of government behaviour.This paper considers that employment status of landless peasants in Chenggong District mainly presents the following four characteristics: 1.Unemployment rate is high, voluntary unemployment is outstanding. 2. Employment level is low, the quality is poor. 3. Degree of satisfaction is high.4.Work remains stability.Based on the survey questionnaire, using the descriptive statistics analysis method, this paper analyzes of peasants individual characteristics in Chenggong New Area from employment abilities and awareness of development, career expectations,entrepreneurial ability. Results indicate that cultural level of land-lost farmer groups is generally low, that lack non-agricultural vocational skills, that self-improvement and development consciousness is not strong, that pioneering consciousness is weak, thatreliance on hometown is strong and that idea is conservative. Then, by using Binary Logistic model to explore the main factors which influence the employment of land-lost farmers,it is concluded that factors of young adults, level of education than a high school and having professional skills can promote employment actively, and factors such as higher individual employment expectations, relatively high per capita land expropriation compensation and having rental income will have a significant adverse effect on job-hunting, and attending free vocational skills training provided by the government has no effect on employment.In addition, this paper also evaluates the existing four ways to improve employment used by the government, which are organizing land-lost farmers out to rent land to plant vegetables, organizing vocational skills training, setting up venture bases for land-lost farmers, using university town to absorb land-lost peasants.Finally, this article synthesizes the above qualitative and quantitative analysis,puts forward countermeasures of promoting employment from two perspectives, one perspective is to increase the quantity of employment in the short and medium term,and the other is to improve the quality of land-lost peasants employment in the long term.