Research On Cost-Benefit Of Transferring Rural Labor Force Employment

Based on the previous research results, this paper makes use of such combination of research methods as positive analysis and normative analysis, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, field investigation and abstract thinking as well as systematic economics research method, regarding peasant's labor force as one kind of their own economic resources, the author tries to scientifically definite the relative concepts of cost and benefit, builds econometric models with firsthand investigation data, and also uses concrete case materials , which are helpful to make this paper built on the base of the analysis of incentives for China's transferring rural labor force, meanwhile using the cost-benefit analysis as the paper's core part and tool , from different perspectives of micro and macro , rural areas and urban areas, as well as midland and coastal areas, with the purpose to establish an analysis framework to study the behavior of China's transferring rural labor force.1. From the theory of Karl Marx's "productivity against population" to that of Donald Burgh's "push-pull", and from the establishment and development of the "dual structure" model to Schultz' theory of migrant "cost-benefit" mentioned in his creation of human capital theory, this paper systematically reviews and comments the foreign scholar's classic treatises on the incentive and cost-benefit of the transferring rural labor force, which paves the theoretical ground for the whole paper.2. The researches by China scholars on decision of transferring rural labor force mainly focus on the economical incentives, social trait factors and system policy factors. With the further development of reform and practice, the researches' contents and methods are deepening accordingly. Since the mid of 1990s, preliminary study stage develops into next one symbolized by special topics and models. However, the research on the cost and benefit of employment is still neither further nor systematic, and a scientific, normative and recognized concept system has not been formed.3. Nowadays China owns 0.53 billon rural labor force resources, with rural employment 0.49 billon. The ratio is about 2/3. Nonagricultural employment opportunities in countryside are mainly provided by township enterprises in coastal areas. At present, national transferring rural labor force is about 0.17 billon, among of which 0.01 billon are migrants, and rural masking unemployment is 0.15 billon or so. It is estimated that if the new increased labor force is considered, the rural employment pressure will still be difficult to alleviate until the year 2020, although national rural labor force transferring amount will be increased by 7 million to 8 million on average from year 2001 to 2020. What is more, the transferring speed since 1997 has been decreasing, and in 2003 the new increased transferring amount is only 4.9 million.4. Peasant's transferring employment total cost includes direct cost and indirect one. The research indicates that a migrant in Zhengzhou can gain 872.1 RMB of net income on average per year, with cost-gain rate being 15.6 percent. It illustrates migrants are beneficial from transferring employment and that migrants are rational but "blind migrating". That the direct cost and opportunity cost is approximately equivalent indicates urban pulling force and rural pushing force...