The Study, Based On Knowledge Of The National Agricultural Technology Innovation System

We are going to the knowledeg-based economic times.One of the most important features of the modern knowledge-based economy is that science and technology play a central role in economic growth. The rapid development of agriculture in the world is benefited from major breakthroughs of agricultural science and technology, together with innovations of agricultural technology. China's agriculture is not only the foundation of national economy, but also the key point of a long-term, stable, continuous and harmonious development of rural area even that of whole society. In a certain sense, backwardness of China's agriculture is only a superficies, and the fundamental reason of that is laggard and insufficient acquirement of the majority farmers. Due to scarcity of natural resources and large rural population, intellectual agriculture that combining labor-intensive with technology-intensive industry will be the basic path of China's agricultural development, and technological innovation will be the core of intellectual agriculture. Agricultural technology innovation means to achieve a new combination of agricultural production factors, and to introduce new factors that have never been into agricultural production system. Based on national agricultural technology innovation system and comprehensively use of various instruments such as science and technology, extension, and education, it is entirely possible for China to fulfill the transition from the large agricultural country to a great power of agriculture.Three systems of national agricultural education, research and extension, which founded in the planned economy era, and is still in the "mismatch" of fragmentation and technology economy, even induced institutional confliction, disordered or vacuum system to a certainty degree. At the same time, agricultural enterprises with rapid growth after the reform and opening up, and farmers with self-determination sense, are increasingly becoming the leading actor of market economy. In the face of fierce competition, they urgently need advanced technology which can meet the demand for market. As China is being the transition from the planned economy to a market economy, the effective way out of contradictions and collisions of two systems is to establish national agricultural technology innovation system that based on knowledge and being participated by government, enterprises and farmers.Under the background of knowledge-based economy, globalization, market transition, and issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers, this dissertation aims to make effectively promotion of prosperity for farmers, development for agriculture, and harmony for countryside. Paying considerable attentions to features of agricultural science and technology, and adopting relevant theories and various analysis means, this dissertation focuses on "system" and "operation ". At the macro level, analysis of the existing national agricultural technology innovation system and its operation has been done. At the micro level, theoretical and empirical analysis of national agricultural technology innovation system have done at both macro and micro levels by using case studies of operation mechanism and results of typical agricultural enterprises in technological innovation, methods of participant process, history retrospection, field interviews and survey, introductions of international experiences. As results of discuss, rural education should be viewed as the foundation, three participants of technology, demander, supplier and carrier, should be unified, and a three departments model of national agricultural technology innovation system, integrating training, research and extension, should be established.Brief introductions of twelve chapters in the dissertation are:Chapter 1, "Introduction", this chapter analyses relationship of transforming period, economic development, and scientific and technological progress at first, emphasizes background of this research and special significance to China's agricultural development, and introduces research purpose, methodology, writing structure, questions to be answered, and definiton of some basic concepts as the end of this part.Chapter 2, "Review of Foreign and Domestic Literature ".First, though reviewing of knowledge-based economy, technological innovation, agricultural technology innovation, national innovation systems, and formation and development of technical innovation theory, this part searches basic theoretical supports for empirical analysis and construction of national agricultural technology and innovation system. Secend, articles concerning agricultural technology innovation and national agricultural technology innovation system that published in Chinese journals are reviewed comprehensively and systematically. Findings and points of domestic experts and scholars have progressed much to this research.Chapter 3, "Basic Principles of knowledge-based National Agricultural Technology Innovation System". Three principles that must be obeyed in the construction of national agricultural technology innovation system are stated in this part. Chapter 4, "National Agricultural Technology Innovation System: Present and Problems". Proceed with agricultural technology management, agricultural extension and rural education and training for farmers, descriptive analysis of China's agricultural technology innovation system has been done in this chapter. Problems and causes are discussed afterwards.Chapter 5, "International Experience of National Agricultural Technology Innovation System ". In order to figuring out relevance between national agricultural technology innovation system of different countries and different background of history, culture, social system, and the natural ecology as well as productivity, this part summarizes experiences of the US and Thailand.Chapter 6, "Case Study of Technological Innovation System of Agricultural Enterprises". From this chapter are empirical studies of enterprises with different ownership, background, development path and stages of agricultural technological innovation. Analysis of its mode, efficiency and main influential factors will contribute to reveal inherent mechanism and function rules of technological innovation of agricultural enterprises.Chapter 7, "Macro Organizing of Knowledge-based National Agricultural Technology Innovation System". This part comes up with a general theoretical framework and operation mechanism of the knowledge-based national agricultural technology innovation system, and pays more attention to various elements of construction and operation of national agricultural technology innovation system.Chapter 8, "Constructing and Operating of Technological Innovation System of Agricultural Enterprises". Started from orientation of agricultural technology innovation, this chapter makes up a general model of technological innovation system of agricultural enterprise, as well as its inner mechanism and requirements.Chapter 9, "Countermeasures of National Agricultural Technology Innovation System". This chapter discusses countermeasures using in the promotion of national agricultural technological innovation system from environment, input, infrastructure, human resources and public adminstration.This study emphasizes close integration of agriculture operation system with knowledge, technology, and institution, and promotes research of national agricultural technology innovation from the macro and micro dimensions, which properly reflected the particularity of agricultural technology innovation and enriched the content of national agricultural technology innovation system. This study also avoided the "mismatch" of theory and practice as well as that of macro and micro that makes conclusion closer to reality. In conclusion, this study has innovative contribution to both theory and methodology.