A Study On Technology Import And Secondary Innovation Of Large Or Medium-Size Enterprises

For the developing countries, the issue of how to realize the fast and continual economic development interests economists all the time, and also become the focal point of the government. Massive researches indicated that technology import is an important way to realize the economical and fast development for developing countries. After World War II, Korea, Japan and some other countries with backward technology have successfully realized the fast economical development by technology import. In middle 1980s, our country implemented the technology import strategy, and the scale of technology imported grew rapidly. Particularly after 2001, the technology import contracts grew from 3,900 in 2001 to 9,902 in 2005, and the technology import disbursement grew from 9.091 billion US dollars in 2001 to 19.05 billion US dollars in 2005. However, in recent years, the debate of technology import or independent innovation has drawn people's attention to the issue of the technology import and Chinese economic development. In the studies that have been finished, there were less about the question of technology import and the Chinese economy development. In reference to the important status of large or medium-size enterprises in Chinese industry and the whole economy, as well as the significant influence of their technology import, this paper selects large or medium-size enterprises as the object to research into, and analyzes the technology import and secondary innovation systematically.First of all, this paper inspects the related theory and the literature, analyzes the basic situation of Chinese technology import and secondary innovation. Based on above foundation, the direct and indirect influences of technology import on large or medium-size enterprises are investigated empirically. The research indicates that, (1) technology import plays an important role in improving the firm performance, and has significant positive impact on the total output and labor efficiency, but has a negative effect on employment and scale reward.(2) Technology import plays a remarkably positive role in the economy convergence. For the relative backward area, bigger advantage can be taken by the use of international technology, so the technical overflow of technology import is stronger, which is helpful to realize the convergence. (3)Technology import is helpful to enhance domestic R&D ability. Except the R&D intensity, technology import's influences are not remarkable, technology import influence domestic R&D mainly through its impact on disbursement. Technology import has a remarkable negative influence on the domestic R&D intensity, but it becomes positive after entering WTO. The technology import has positive effect on the personnel, the formal research ability and technical innovation level.Secondly, based on the technology import dynamic decision-making theory, this paper proposes some hypothesizes, and analyzes the determinants of technology import's change in large or medium-size enterprises. The research indicates that, the change of technology import was mainly affected by domestic R&D, enterprise scale, rate of market increment, market degree and so on. The domestic R&D, enterprise scale and market degree have significant negative effects on the technology import intensity; the rate of market increment has a great positive effect, and the effect of the macro-economic environment is not remarkable. Furthermore, it is founded that the negative effect of the market degree is induced by the decrease of technology import intensity in state-owned firm. The potential reasons for the recent decrease of technology import in large and medium-sized enterprises are the increased capacity of internal R&D, and the decreased intensity of technology import in state owned firms due to the less support from government. Important relationship exists between the growth of technology import and the growth of gross production.In addition, based on the product vertical innovation growth theory, this article researches the secondary innovation of technology import, and analyzes the reason of Chinese low import of secondary innovation of technology. The research indicates that the input of imported technology's secondary innovation was a rational decision-making result, and is influenced by technology import, market competition, efficiency of R&D, technical overflow effect and so on; the advance degree of imported technology has indefinite influence on secondary innovation; the influence of market competition is indefinite; the influence of the efficiency of research and development is positive, and the influence of the technical overflow effect is negative. By using the data of large or medium-size enterprises, it is found that empirical research is consistent with relevant hypothesis. We analyzed the reasons of why the input of Chinese secondary innovation was so low. The main reasons are that the technology import overemphasizes the modern of technology, emphasizes more on "hard" technologies rather than "soft" ones, and the low market degree, especially the low research efficiency of the state-owned firm limits the input of secondary innovation.The above research indicates that, the technology import accelerates the development of large or medium-size enterprises, and still is an important way for the development of China economy. The final goal of technology import is to improve the independent innovation ability. Now, the main problem is how to realize the change from the visible technology import to the invisible technological innovation ability import. The key is how to improve the technology import's enhancement effect on the domestic R&D ability and secondary innovation. According to the fact of China, we proposes the corresponding suggestion, including that we should enhance the serviceability of the technology import, release the regional constraint of the technology import, strengthen the effective management of the technology import, provide more support of technology import in middle and west part of China, establish the system of intelligence property right protection and so on.