Employment Theory Of Marxism And Socialism Employment Practice

In a new historic era of applying the scientific outlook on development and building socialist harmonious society, employment has become one of the priority social problems that are closely attached to livelihood in modern China. Along with the transformation from planned economy to market economy, the original employment model featuring the centralized job placement was smashed, however, the new employment mechanism and model compatible with market economy has not yet come into full shape. The conflict between labor surplus and inadequacy of job provision is getting more and more obvious and unemployment problems that seem impossible for socialist countries are emerging. How to resolve employment problems under socialist market economy mechanism and build up employment theories and mechanism based on Marxism to meet the inner requirements of market economy and modern China situations has become an important theoretical and practical issue facing scholars.The labor and employment ideology put forward by Marx and Engels in criticizing capitalism and outlining future society is undoubtedly the major resource for constructing socialist employment theories with Chinese characteristics. Their criticism to the large scale unemployment phenomenon caused by privatization of productive materials placed very important methodological support to constructing employment theories on the basis of socialist mechanism and market economy system. According to Marx, along with the growth of capital accumulation and increase in capital organic composition, there will be inevitably two different trends, one being the relative decrease in labor requirements by capital, the other the absolute increase in labor supply. Interacting of the two trends would result in relative labor surplus, i.e. unemployment. With maximizing profit as the ultimate goal, the capitalist production mode tortures workers both physically and psychologically. Employment means enslavement and unemployment means loss of livelihood. Employment has become a choice of dilemma under the capitalist mechanism. The capitalist production mode diverts greatly from maximizing the labor's employment requirements and realizing free and comprehensive personal development. While criticizing the capitalist unemployment phenomenon, Marx has put forward the socialist employment ideology and theoretical assumptions. The new socialist labor relationship and employment ideology eliminates the threats of unemployment and transforms laboring into free and creative initiative in real sense. In this mechanism, people could choose job freely in an equal and harmonious social atmosphere and laboring has become an essential path to realizing individual values and comprehensive personal development.Marxism is an open and developing ideology system. Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin have researched proactively into the employment problems in China and their theories are the historic development and expansion of Marxism in China. The employment model developed under the planned economy has its own in-depth theoretical and historical background. The economic construction and employment practices after foundation of new China have provided valuable historical experiences in resolving current employment problems. The socialist mechanism built upon the lagged-behind productivity adopted centralized job placement mode compatible with the planned economy. In prioritizing development of heavy industries, constructing independent industrial system of the country, ensuring social stability and enhancing the newly born regime, this mode has played important historical roles. However, along with economic development and social transition, the disadvantages of the old employment model are gradually emerging. The employment mechanism ignoring labors' individual capability difference and lacking competition has curbed labors' production initiative and resulted in low productivity and stagnancy in social development.The employment theories with Chinese characteristics shall be guided by the scientific outlook on development, focus on constructing a socialist harmonious society and build up a human oriented scientific outlook on employment. Guided by the development strategy of increasing employment put forward at the 17^th CPC national congress, with maximizing the job-creating opportunities and realizing adequate employment as a center, we should fully elaborate the advantage of labor resource and transform the employment pressure into momentum in promoting economic growth. With the labors choosing jobs freely, the market regulating employment and the government promoting employment, roles of the three parties are fully elaborated. Refining the job choosing mechanism of orderly competition and free and harmoniously job selection is the crucial way of resolving China's employment problem.