A Research Of Employment Issues In China From The Perspective Of Marxist Employment Theory

Marx didn't do specific research into employment, nor carried on special elaboration to it, but he had been concerned about employment during the long-term revolutionary practice and theoretical work. His point of employment is widely scattered through his works, manuscripts, notes, and letters. Traditional Marxist theory begins with criticism on capitalist employment, which agrees that unemployment is the inevitable outcome of production relations of capitalism and it is determined by capital autocracy. On the basis of criticism, Marxist theory reconstructs glorious employment mode under socialism, which describes that workers are fully employed, and can work freely, labor resources can be distributed properly. However, traditional Marxist theory is occupying the leading position to some extent, because it requires higher economic and social conditions. Full employment is just the goal of socialism. Unemployment is not an inevitable result of capitalism, but an inevitable phenomenon of commodity economy. China is still in the primary stage of socialism, and level of productive forces is not high, so China needs the excellent achievements of capitalism to establish market economy. Unemployment will exist in our country in a long time. We must understand unemployment in our country from an objective view, control rate of unemployment effectively, keep in mind goals of socialism, and realize full employment step by step to ensure that every worker can fully utilize their expertise. At present, our country is facing two fundamental problems. First, economic and social development are in low level, productive force is not advanced, which determines that full employment will face big difficult. Second, market-oriented reform brings prominent contradiction. Pains caused by powerful reform like operation is not evitable. Unemployment becomes more outstanding. Employment dislocation at present in China has its own prominent features, large quantity in unemployment population, high rate of unemployment, increasing unemployment caused by institutional changes. Structural unemployment and intellectual unemployment are becoming more prominent. To solve employment problem, first we should start from developing productive forces, because development is the absolute principle. Problems need to be solved in development. Second, we should give full play to socialist state's macro-control; formulate relevant policies, to optimize distribution of labor. Also, we should increase input in education, improve quality of workers, and strengthen social security which is the last defense line for employment.