| The rapid development of modern science and technology has brought about tremendous well-being for human beings. On the other hand, human beings are paying a heavy price for the negative effects of science and technology. In view of this, we hope to reveal the developmental laws of the negative sides of science and technology through a comprehensively demonstrative research on risks, disasters and negative effects of science and technology. It is expected that the laws revealed will play a positive role in promoting the early warning, prevention and decision-making of technological risks, disasters and negative effects.On the basis of summarizing past theoretical and empirical research, with the principles and methods of sociology and philosophy of science and technology used as guidance, the chemical, physical and biological science and technology as object, scientometrics as analysis method, major scientific and technological disasters in history were hackled, summarized and statistically analyzed. Supported by evidence and case study method, study was also conducted in the negative effects of high, refined, scientific and technological achievements. The article also adopted the international professional database system for the macro-observation of the world's scientific and technological disaster. Finally, the tentative Countermeasures as well as reviews were developed based on empirical research.The feature of this paper is that the combination of macro perspective, micro-data and case demonstration and relatively meticulous quantitative method was used to get new acknowledgement of the technological risks, disasters and negative effects, which is innovative and pioneering to some extent.1) In the conceptual study of this paper, the historical study background of this field was summarized and classified in a relatively systemic and detailed way to clarify the association and distinction of the triple sides of science and technology: scientific and technological risks, disasters and negative effects.2) The unique laws and developmental trends of the disasters induced by chemical and nuclear technology were revealed through the quantitative analysis of the disasters' characteristics, number, types, causes and national location.3) Macroscopic comparing analysis was conducted in the chemical and nuclear achievements and disasters to preliminarily reveal the association between achievements and disasters and the delay cycle time from the birth of the achievement to the induction time of possible negative effects was preliminary calculated.4) It is revealed that the biological achievements are now in a new state of rapid development and moving to the upcoming peak-time, on the other hand, the large-scale out-breaking time the biotechnological risks was predicted, via comparing the developmental disciplines between biology and chemistry.5) The numbers, types, and regions of the global technological catastrophe from 1900 to 2006 were reconstructed systematically with the use of the international professional database system to reveal the macroscopic development laws of science and technology disasters in a global scale. The article also devoted to Chinese technology into a disaster data analysis and revealed the developmental situation and particularity of the technological disasters in China.6) The article concludes the fundamental characteristic of negative effects of science and technology through the research of a lot of cases and data, it bring forward the basic countermeasure, and it also do much systemic self-reflection in theory to critique of technology.
|
PDF Full Text Request