Research On Agricultural Economic Development Path Of Northeast Black Soil Zone At Present

Northeast black soil zone is one of the world's three largest black soil zones, which located along the Song Liao River of the northeast area in the mainland of China. The black soil is mainly in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and in the 189 counties (cities, districts and banners) of Inner Mongolia (autonomous regions). This region has fertile land and a suitable climate, adequate illumination, which is good for agricultural production. So it is known as a big granary in north China It is a very important major grain-producing area, and it is an important part of China's grain security system. The agricultural economy plays an indispensable role to the local area and even to the whole country. But even with such relatively good agricultural infrastructure and natural production conditions, there is a wide variety of issues in the transition process from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, which impedes agricultural economy and lead to great agricultural development difficulties. Thus, under the background of "building a well-off society", "the revitalization of the old industrial bases in northeast China," and " building a new socialist countryside", exploring an agricultural economic development path suitable to northeast black soil zone has far-reaching theoretical and practical significance.There are so many problems in northeast black soil zone agricultural economic development path, but they can be summarized as the following three aspects: First, the conflict between small-scale agriculture and the needs of scale operation. At this stage, the northeast black soil zone adopts the family-contract responsibility system in the countryside, which departs the ownership right and management right of land. Family-based agriculture makes the families work on their own land, and it has characteristics of average land system, which is a typical small-production model. But along with the development of science and technology and the agricultural productive forces'enhancement, this production method does not meet the modern agriculture need to develop. The contradiction between small peasant economy and the agricultural formalization management's is getting more and more prominent. For example, the new cultivation technique, tool's application request the formalization management which adapts with it, but the small peasant economy cannot satisfy this request. The farmer needs the cooperative economy organization to build a bridge between the peasant household and the market, the government, enterprises, but the family-contract responsibility system actually cannot satisfy this request. The small scale of production lead to high production cost, which enlarges the demands of scale production, but the small peasant economy actually cannot satisfy this request. The surplus agricultural labor force needs to get rid of the small division of farm land, but the farming circulation level under the small peasant economy is too low, which cannot satisfy this request well; second, the contradiction between small-scale production and big market exist. In the market economy, the agricultural product as one kind of daily necessity, the elasticity of demand is small; the restriction by the market is large. Therefore, the market factor such as supply-demand relation changes result in higher harm to the agricultural economy than to other industries by far. But because the region market economy level is low in northeast black soil zone, the agricultural marketability's progress is slow, the marketability work also has long section of roads to need to walk, the small-scale production and the big market's contradiction had not obtained the very good solution. The concrete manifestation is the agricultural production entities'lack of market information, the poor market forecast ability, and the planter structure is unitary, intensive processing ability is weak, the agricultural product commercialization rate is low, the circulation section is obsolete, and the agriculture is with high risk. Finally, the contradiction between serious soil erosion and carrying out circulation agriculture pattern: Agricultural economy's development not only meets needs of the present generation, but also the needs of future generations, which is essential requirement for agricultural sustainable development. Therefore during consideration of agricultural economy development, we must pay attention to the influence of rural activity to the ecological environment, and achieve the economic activity and ecological environment coordinated development. The circulation agriculture is precisely under the above idea, which is also the safeguard for maintaining the agricultural sustainable development. However, the Northeast black soil zone's agriculture ecological environment situation is not optimistic, and the circulation agriculture pattern does not carry out in large scale. At present the Northeast black soil zone has the soil erosion area 44,700 square kilometers, which accounts for 37.9% of the black earth area total area. According to the investigation, the black soil zone has drained 0.3-1 centimeter thick black soil surface layer in average every year. Because many years'serious soil erosion, the originally thick black earth level is only left over 20-30 centimeters now, some places have even revealed yellow soil, and lost the basic productivity. Strengthening ecological environmental protection work of northeast black soil zone, carrying out the circulation agriculture pattern in the region is what can't be delayed.In view of the three questions above, this article points out that the agricultural economy development of the northeast black soil zone may advance along the following three directions. First, promote the countryside urbanization, develop rural enterprises, which will provide job opportunities for surplus agricultural labor force and accelerate rural agricultural labor force migration. Meanwhile, adopt any possible measure to promote the farm land centralization, promote the moderate large-scale management; second, enhance the marketability level of agriculture further, develop the service market vigorously, adjust the counter market behavior, raise the market consciousness of agriculture entities, establish the agricultural security system, stimulates the production factors market, perfect the related laws, which will promote the development of the agricultural marketability; Finally, in consideration of the reality of northeast black soil zone, the suggestion is to carry out the circulation agricultural development pattern. So we should explore the new circulation agriculture pattern positively in the consolidated circulation agricultural development, and achieve more agriculture benefit during extending agriculture industry chain. While undertaking the three tasks above, the northeast black soil zone may learn from the Mississippi river black soil zone, the Ukraine plains black soil zone as well as Shanxi province and Zhejiang province which behave as representative of yellow soil and red soil respectively. Then northeast black soil zone should figure out one special way that suitable to itself. Certainly, the Northeast black soil zone should not copy other regions'ways in case making big mistakes.What needs to pay close attention to is: although this article has given three different ways for agricultural economic development namely the agriculture moderate large-scale operation, the agriculture marketability operation and to develop circulation agriculture. But the three ways are closely related to each other. For example, the agriculture moderate large-scale operation may obtain the advantage of economies of scale, then enhances the competitive power the anti-risk ability of agriculture, which will lead to more agriculture entities taking part in the market competition, thus promoting the agricultural economic marketability level; The enhancement of agricultural marketability level can make the market competition more intense, which will cause the superior win and the inferior wash out, the promotion agricultural resource many to change over to the winner hand, thus will raise the agricultural economic growth. Agriculture moderate large-scale operation as well as agricultural marketability level enhancement will attract more funds to complete the agriculture ecological environmental protection work, and more funds will carry on the research and development work for agricultural circulation, thus impetus circulation agriculture development; The smooth promotion of circulation agriculture pattern will provide durable guarantee for the agriculture moderate large-scale operation and the agricultural marketability level's enhancement. This process will make the natural ecology resources for agriculture to use sustainably, and then secure the continuity of agriculture moderate large-scale operation and the agricultural marketability level. Therefore, only the combination of agriculture production in scale, the agricultural marketability and the adoption of circulation agriculture can help us to explore a way suitable to the agricultural economic development of northeast black soil zone actual agricultural economy development way.