Estimation And Analysis Of The Human Development In Rural Area

Since the late 1990s, three problems—problems of agriculture, rural area and peasant—have become the focus of the whole society.Therefore, the three problems have become a key consideration when the government formulates public policy.Our government carried out a series of policies and measures, which cover many aspects of rural area, and create a better surroundings for the development of rural ereal, such as tax reform in rural area, new village construction. But how to assess the development of the society? What kind of standard is needed? This is the key point of policy making. So it's necessary to establish a good assessment system, esp. an index system based on the actual situation in the rural area. In this essay, the author bases on the specific condition in Chinese rural area, makes use of the UNDP's Human Development Index, and constructs a human development index.The author uses the data taken from the sample counties to analyse the rural area development, and also describes the gap between urban and rural area. In addtion, the author uses the caculation method to approach the key factor which improve the development the rural area. This will provide valuble references for the government to make correlated policy.This essay consists of 8 parts, chapter 1 includes introduction, background information, significance of the study, current situation, brief introduction of the study method, structure of the essay and the actual conditon of the samples.Chapter 2 deals with the basic theory of the whole paper. In this chapter, the author firstly introduces the development progressing and then points out its connotation, key concept of the human development and some estimate systems.Chapter 3 covers the brief introduction of HDI and detailed narration of the structure of HDI, caculation method and summary of the study. It also covers the shortcoming of the HDI's application in rural area. Based on chapter 3, chapter 4 and 5 take the nine cities for example, point out the indexes of education, economy and health should be revised when HDI is used to estimate humanism development in rural area, and then construct a new HDI system which is suited to the specific condition in rural area.Chapter 6 is about the revised HDI and the analysis.The author makes use of the collected data to form a new HDI of the sample counties repectively. By doing this, the human development condition in the samples is known for the public. Besides, by comparing the difference between the samples, the author explains about the influence of the economy index, education index and health index in details. Chapter 7 focuses on the explanation of the factors which influence HDL taking advantage of Genger test, the author analyses some economy factors' effect on HDI, such as average expense of public facilities, per capita GDP, per capita agriculture GDP, so the author could find the way to improve the humanism development in rural area. Chapter 8 is mainly about conclusion and suggestion.So some significant conclusion can be made: humanism development should be used to examine, assess and conduct rural area development ; the revised HDI can reflect the actual situation in the rural area, and also reflect the gap between urban and rural area objectively. The gap between urban and rural area is about 0.30, which equals to the level of the developed nation. Education index affacts HDI greatly and then follows economy factors—public facilities expenditure plays a key role. In addtion, the Granger causality is present between HDI increment and public facilities expenditure increment. Per capita GDP in the middle-west area has greater influence on HDI than that in highly developed east area. There is not a linear relationship between the expenditure of agriculture GDP and HDI, so they have little effect on HDI. The best way to improve the humanism development is to change the expenditure structure and incease the proportion of public facilities expenses.The original ideas in this essay are: firstly it points out a brand new structure and visual angle to study the gap between urban and rural, opens a new route for the construction of the new villages. Secondly, it sets up index system to estimate the humanism development in rural area systemetically. Thirdly, it applies the new index system in the study of the gap which between rural area and urban area.The study of the gap is more convincing than the data only got from economy index. Finally, based of the description of gap, it has proved and analysed the related factors which affect the development. In short, this essay is very instructive in practice and pretty valuble for policy-making.