Western China Ecological Compensation Mechanism

This paper studied from the basic theory of ecological compensation, from theory and practice studied of our country and others country, attempt to build a new ecological compensation system.The basis theory for ecological compensation including externality theory,public products theory,ecological capital theory,social-economic-natural complex ecosystem theory. There is positive externality in the ecological construction; we should compensate the ecological builders; the ecological construction produce public products, based on the theory of public products, the government should be compensator. The outcome of ecological construction is an important capital, ecological capital, so the market mechanism can be an important way to compensate the ecological builders; social,economic and natural is a complex ecosystem, so ecological compensation should think both about the ecological construction and socio economic development. the ecological environment is poor in the western region, mainly reflected in sandy desertification worsen; vegetation destruction serious; water erosion still serious; environmental pollution has not been fundamentally resolved; natural disasters frequently; rocky desertification non-mitigation, etc. the level of socio and economic development is lower, mainly reflected in the overall economic level lower than the eastern and central regions; the industrial structure of low-level, opening to the outside world is limited; the development of education lagged and the level of consumption below the eastern and central regions, which is the realistic basis for construct western region's ecological compensation system. The paper studied the returning land for farming to forestry project, the project made the ecological improvement in the western region,economic structure promoting and so on. At the same time there is defect, such as demarcate the returning land for farming to forestry; the main investor is single; industrial restructuring is lager; has not yet been established and perfected scientific appraisal system, etc. and studied other country's ecological construction, they depend on the market mechanism induct farmers to returning farmland to forests; raise funds from environmental services market; variegated in compensation standards and compensation foundation, at last, the author analysis the ecological compensation's difference between domestic and foreign for lean from them. The paper analysis the relationship between the ecological environment and socio- economic, ecological environment is the basis of socio-economic development, and socio-economic development can promote the improvement of ecological environment. The author studied the system of the ecological problems in the western region; the ecological deterioration in the western is the result of cycle of PPE and the cycle of RAP vicious' circle and coincidence each other. On the basis the paper build a new compensation system, mainly about compensator,object of compensation,compensation standards,compensation methods, to improve the compensation system in the past, in addition to study about other mechanism of ecological compensation, including property rights system, law system, appraisal system,publicity and education system of sustainable development. Finally, there is some advice for western region to improve the ecological compensation system in the future.