| At present,ecological environment is attached importance to mainstreaming ecological compensation.the nineteen congress of the CCP has been put forward to establish a marketization and diversification mechanism for ecological compensation.Zhangjiakou has a characteristics of an ecological community with the capital of Beijing that cannot be ignored,and has irreplaceable particularity,There are many problems: water conservation function quickly weakened,the long-term contradiction between ecological environment protection and economic development is increasingly prominent,the ecological degradation caused by the construction of subsistence and well-off society is still continues.too difficult to improve the quality of atmospheric ecological environment caused by the too expensive.renewable energy alternatives,the current ecological compensation mechanism is not sound etc.Zhangjiakou is a region with multiple characteristics,such as Capital water ecological function area,Fragile ecological environment and In poor areas,If want to ensure the sustainability of ecosystem health,resource environment and the fairness of social development through compensation,it is imperative to construct an effective mechanism for ecological compensation.Base on that to improve the efficiency of funds and policies.And the establishment of an effective mechanism for ecological compensation must be solve five major problems: Why? Who is the payer and payee? How? How much? If not what happens?Ecological compensation have comprehensiveness,diversity and complexity characteristics,There always been thorny issue: Economy-ecosystem health and harmony.Economic efficiency and regional fairness,that the government and academia in ecological compensation struggle to solve.The watershed is the most important link between Zhangjiakou and the capital of Beijing.the integrity,mobility and externalities of Watershed integrated the administrative units into a eco-economic system,because the different ecological niche and economic position,and each administrative units has different resources and environment capacity,social economic development potential,,it makes each administrative units play different roles in the river basin.It also provides a new perspective to solve aforementioned five problems,The concept of river basin has been using into functional zoning,the watershed environment and economy function zoning is carried out,and combined with ecological compensation.First of all,by sorting out the relevant domestic and international studies on the watershed environment and ecological compensation,some problems and development directions were found,base on that constructs the theoretic system of watershed environment and economy function zoning and ecological compensation,provide support and verification from different disciplines,which involving the economics,the ecology,the geography,the legal science,the ecological economics,the sustainable development theory.Secondly,under the support of theoretic system,analysis the characteristics of the main influencing factors of natural system,economic system and ecosystem in Zhangjiakou basin,and constructed the multi-level guidance system from three aspects: the importance of water conservation,ecological support,and the ability of green development.Which included 11 three-level index layers and 72 four-level index layers,In combination with Four-level sub-watershed division carried out the watershed environment and economy function zoning,it has provides priority direction of key areas in ecological compensation.At the same time,Base on the watershed environment and economy function zoning and the evaluation results,the paper have obtained different compensation distribution coefficient,which provide the foundation for secondary distribution of ecological compensation.Thirdly,Through calculate the funding gap of ecological compensation projects.To obtain the total and annual compensation gap of the recent,medium and long-term ecological compensation,and put forward reasonable compensation limit of upper and lower: the lower limit is the funding gap of ecological compensation projects and the upper limit is the ecosystem services value.Lastly,Based on the analysis results of the foreword and watershed perspective,establish an effective for ecological compensation.In conclusion,Major conclusions were as followsThe watershed environment and economy function zoning of Haihe river basin in zhangjiakou is obtained: water conservation priority area,water and soil conservation areas,wind protection and consolidation priority area,development priority area.Base on that,the paper have obtained different compensation distribution coefficient: focus on green development,water conservation,ecological support and the comprehensive compensation coefficient respectively.The annual gap of ecological compensation is decreasing with the improvement of ecological environment after 2025.At the same time,Zhangjiakou's own "hematopoietic" ability is gradually improving.Before the 2022 winter Olympics,the total gap of ecological compensation project is 55.792 billion during the year of 2018-2022,37.6642 billion in 2023-2025,and 46.803 billion in 2026-2030.Among them,2018-2020 is 33.475 billion and 2021-2022 is 22.317 billion.The annual compensation gap is 11.159 billion during the year of 2018-2022,12.555 billion in 2025 and 9.361 in 2030.Take the year of 2018,2020,2022,2025 and 2030 for example,The compensation cap for ecological services is 21.794,25.726,27.448,28.154 and 29.292 billion respectively.Based on available information,The funding gap can be applied to each district and county is only 6.973 billion.According to the specific situation,the paper provide 6 options about the ecological compensation fund allocation,There are two ways when compensation is less than the lower limit: One is that the compensation fund is far less than the compensation of the lower limit,with the comprehensive compensation coefficient as the distribution basis,The second is that the compensation fund is equal to or very close to the compensation of the lower limit,take the compensation fund gap of each district and county as the distribution basis,There are four ways when compensation is greater than the lower limit and less than the upper limit: When focus on the green development,take the green development compensation coefficient as distribution basis.When focus on improving the capacity of water conservation,take the water conservation compensation coefficient as distribution basis.When focus on improving the capacity of ecological support,take the ecological support compensation coefficient as distribution basis.When focus on improving the capacity of comprehensive,take the comprehensive compensation coefficient as distribution basis.An effective ecological compensation mechanism has been constructed.and put forward reasonable standard of ecological compensation.Through various channels to establish ecological compensation fund.Make the ecological compensation methods more perfect through improve the government's leading and promoting diversified.Put forward some policy Suggestions to improve the way of ecological compensation: strengthening organization and coordination management,perfecting various management systems and formulating various preferential policies. |
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