Research On The Institutional Innovation Of The Migration Of Rural Labor Force Based On The Demographic Transtiton Perspectve Of China

"If somewhere embraces the richest human resources and the cheapest labor force, the world-wild enterprises and funds will arrive there." said by Thomas L.Friedman(U.S.A.) in The World is Flat. Once upon a time, the cheap and rich labor force has been the main propulsion of economic development of China and the primary reason for foreign investment of China. However, since the beginning of 21st century, the demographic transtition of China has caused the deep change of supply-demand relation of labor force, entering a new stage from the infinite youth labor force supply to limited one, and then causing the rise of average salary standard and labor cost. It not only requires China to change the way of its economic development and form a new income distribution pattern, but also creat a new institutional environment of fully employment. While the fact is that there is a series of institutional obstacles in China for the migration of rural labor force, just achieving the industry shifting and geographical exchange, not fulfilling the status transforms, which forms the floating process of rural labor force of China. This dissertation uses the following research approaches of Demography, Economics and so on, learns from the research fruits of home and abroad, takes China's supply-demand relation of labor force and relative stages of economic development as research background, and tries to study the migration of rural labor force systematically from institutional innovation. The dissertation contains eight chapters, which mainly use the theory system of institutional innovation of the migration of rural labor force to analyse the process of the demographic transtition of China and the change of supply-demand relation of labor force, bringing about the theme of the dissertation:Research on the Institutional Innovation of the Migration of rural labor force based on the Demographic Transtiton Perspective of China. Then, this dissertation takes the following four questions as main innovations: First, what is the level of institutional barriers on the migration of rural labor force of China? The fourth chapter analyses the stage of the migration of rural labor force of China through institutional perspective, summing up the two differences, named as "floating more and migrating less" and "limiting more and encouraging less", explaining the rural labor force is floating rather than migrating. Namely, the floating process of the rural labor force of China is "go out→come back→.....go out again→come back again", while the migrating process is "go out→come back→......go out again→settle into the city". Such a difference is caused by the institutional barrier of "go out again→come back again", while these institutional barriers respectively lead to different results.The author, broken through the "Push-pull Theory" of the migration of rural labor, divides the institutional barriers into two stages which have some interactive relations, namely "migration from rural area"and "settling down into city", according to different institutional barriers focus. The author brings rural land institution and financial institution into "migration from rural area", and brings population registration institution, labor market institutiona, social security institution and education & training institution into "settling down into city". In the stage of "migration from rural area", rural land is the key point; while in the stage of "settling down into city", population registration institution is the fundamental point.Second, how to understand the stages of institutional barriers of the migration of rural labor force of China? The fifth chapter analyses the relationship between rural land institution, financial institution and the migration of rural labor force, the author believes that the "migration from rural area" mainly refers to industry shifting and geographical transition of rural labor force, while land-financial institutional innovation is beneficial to driving the construction of rural land exchange institution, which is the primary financial resources of rural labor force, paying for the transfer cost of the migration of rural labor force.The sixth chapter analyses the relationship between population registration institution, labor force market institution, education & training institution, social security institution and the migration of rural labor force, the author believes that "settling down into city" mainly resolves the status transform of rural labor force and the issues of settling in city. The population registration institution resolves the status transform of the rural labor force, the labor force market institution resolves the financial problems of it, the social security institution resolves the fundamental social problems of it, meanwhile the education & training institution resolves the employment of it. The levels of "migration from rural area"and "settling down into city" mutually construct the organic unification of the migration of rural labor force of China.Third, how to achieve the institutional innovation of the migration of rural labor force of China on institutional barriers? The seventh chapter analyses two premises or requirements of the migration of rural labor force:the maintenace of food security of China and the equality of basic public services. The author believes that the body of institutional innovation of the migration of rural labor force should include in the new stage:Macrography bodies (central government), Madhyamika bodies(local governments), Micrography bodies(rural labor force, peasants and village's collective organizations). The author also believes that the migration of rural labor force of the new stage is under the dual economic structure of urban and rural areas, and the institutional innovation is a long-term process. Hence, the migration of rural labor force must be in a planned and selective way and gradually developed. Because the migration of rural labor force faces different background of times, the author also studies the sequences and coordinate of the migration of rural labor force.Therefore, the dissertation constructs the model of the migration of rural labor force based on the institutional barriers from the institutional supply, on the base of which, it also constructs the theoretical model of the institutional innovation of migration of rural labor force from the institutional index. The theoretical model regards the body of institutional innovation (mainly as central government) as priority, the institutional innovation of the migration of rural labor force as methods and the sustainable ability of employment of rural labor force as a goal, achieving the agricultural modernization, countryside urbanization and countryside modernization, retarding the pressure of the demographic, ecological and environmental of rural areas, which is to build the excellent social foundation of promoting the new socialist countryside construction and creating the harmonious urban-countryside relationship. Here, the author set up the mutual relation model based on the overall coordination of the subsystem of institutional innovation, and believe that the main process of the migration of rural labor force is composed of innovations of rural land institution, financial institution, social security institution and labor force market institution,and it could be driven through innovations of population registration and population registration institution.The fourth, where is the route of the institutional innovation of the migration of rural labor force of China in the new stage? The dissertation strengthens the governmental responsibility of institutional innovation and the route patterns, highlighting to overcome the hysteretic effects of the institution of labor force migration, and paying more attention on the coordination of institutional arrangement and demand, so as to accommodate the social, economic and environmental change of the migration of the rural labor force of institutional innovation. Hence, the eighth chapter proposes the route patterns of institutional innovation in the near-term future(2010--2015), medium-term pattern(2016--2020) and the long-term pattern(2021--2010).The above four questions are the logic thinking, core content and primary innovation of the dissertation. The dissertation tries to achieve some innovations of the theory and counter-measures of the migration of rural labor force, so as to promote "the second generation of migrants" to settle down into city. However, there are still some shortcomings in the dissertation due to the author's ability, the author cannot totally analyse the mathematical model, nor with discrimination factors to process empirical analysis of the variable of institutions, and the patterns and description in the dissertation are not perfect, the overall coordination of institutional innovations is not enough. To make up the above shortages will be the author's further study.