Study On Comparative Advantage, Scale Operation And Advantage Area Construction Of Grain Production In China

Food security is the major strategic issues related to economic development, social stability and national independent. Grain supply and demand will be in tight balance in the long run, food security is facing serious challenges. Grain production is the core foundation of food security, the changes in grain production layout will affect food supply and its stability. Rational grain production layout is the basis for constructing stable food security system. This paper will explore how to play the market and the government synergy for promoting China's grain production to advantage areas, and appropriate technical economic method for promoting scale management. It will strengthen the basis of food security by means of increasing supply.In this paper, the theories about food security, comparative advantage, scale operation and industrial region are the main theoretical foundation. It suggests that grain production management should be arranged to the most appropriate natural ecological regions which based on regional comparative advantage. The pattern of "Small but complete, large and complete" should be changed, it should follow the development ways of regional distribution, specialization and scale. Industrial zone is the results of the wider specialization, industrial clustering and distribution of agriculture. Now China's grain industry is in the phase of expansion overall, and consolidation one in somewhere.Rice is mainly distributed in Yangtze River, Southeast and Northeast; Northeast is the most prominent areas of rice increasing, and the largest contribution to nationwide; wheat production focuses on North China, the proportion of quality wheat increase rapidly; corn production distributes widely in China, corn production in Northeast has gradually increased, the Mongolia-XinJiang area, the loess Plateau area has become the third largest one, special corn has been speeded up.There are some problems about grain production:it showed that grain production is "blossom everywhere", scale benefit is low. Comparative advantage isn't played significantly. Food supply is unbalanced among areas. Food reserve is distributed unreasonable. Grain production is to the low level of high quality and specialization. Grain production capacity is restricted by imperfect grain logistics system.In this paper, we will evaluate grain production from the perspective of the efficiency and the formation mechanism. We estimate China's grain production efficiency by the method of combining Mahnquist Index and DEA in empirical part. It concludes that total factor productivity is not high in China, scale efficiency of food production needs to be improved. The efficiency of resource allocation is limited by scale efficiency in Yangtze River. We should increase grain production input factors, expand the plant size, improve grain production efficiency. Yellow River Basin is limited by pure technical efficiency. We should strengthen agriculture science and technology. Northwest is the most efficient area, but scale efficiency needs to be enhanced further. From this point of view, we should propel grain scale operation in China.Relative mechanism brings about the formation of grain production.â‘ Affected by "the responsibility of provincial governors for food", on the one hand, they developed the production actively in order to satisfying demands themselves, on the other hand, they gave up economic and ecology interest for grain production, comparative advantage cannot be played;â‘¡Grain market economic may bring about uncoordinated regional interest, make the policies of protection invalid, and fail to form stable anticipate for farmers. They need our attention;â‘¢Although short-term macro-control policies can stabilize fluctuations, it needs support protection policy to indemnify grain long-term stable supply. We should institutionalize these policies.Institution as an element of modern agriculture production affects people action of production and trading, it plays an important role on exerting comparative advantage. A perfect market mechanism and market system are the premise of exerting grain comparative advantage. Only playing price and competitive mechanism completely, agriculture production resources should be optimized. Therefore, we need cultivate market mechanism actively to promote grain production resources focusing on main production areas. We will discuss how to nurture grain market mechanism by way of constructing grain market system and agriculture insurance market, implementing scale operation, exerting grain industrial development, constructing grain logistics and processing system.The mechanism of market is much more effective to micro not macro-economics. Market mechanism may lose effectiveness in some macro-economics areas.Market mechanism may lose effectiveness in some macro-economics areas. Food security and food production layout belong to macro and meso issue, market may fail in some areas, it need "invisible hand"-government to control. Considering the specific of food production and food security, we must use government to control food production.We explore how to control grain resources concentrating on advantage area by means of division of work and corporation between central and local, public goods supply in rural area, grain supporting and protecting policy, action of local government optimization, cycle agriculture development and so on.Scale operation is the necessary instrument to make advantage industrial bigger, stronger and more excellent. We'll study scale operation about advantage area specially. We should improve external institutional environment and social economic condition to propel scale operation, and promote contracted land management right to change.