Management Models Of Karst Rocky Desertification In Small Watershed Based On System Theories

Karst rocky desertification is the second largest eco-environmental problem following the desertification in Northwest China. Serious rocky desertification and soil erosion not only put a threat to local people’s living environment and economic development, but also have a direct threat to the ecological security in the lower reaches of Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, which restricts the sustainable development of Southwest China and South China as a major obstacle to building a harmonious society and sustainable development. The hazards of rocky desertification have been understood, and afforestation, soil conservation, ecological protection and other rocky desertification control works have been carried out. However, due to historical issues, improper methods and insufficient funds, the speed of destruction is still greater than control speed. In order to continue the enhancement of research on rocky desertification control methods, the rocky desertification control mode in sustainable advancement can be adopted to gradually restore the ecological environment in rocky desertification regions, which is the key to construct ecological civilization, improve people’s living conditions in karst areas, and promote national unity and eco-social sustainable development.Rocky desertification control mode was taken as the study object in this study, where Guangxi autonomous region was taken as study area. By using systematic research method, the knowledge and principles of geography, system science, information science, ecology, applied mathematics and karst science were applied to analyze the status, classification system and typical patterns of karst rocky desertification control mode in Guangxi. The rocky desertification control mode was established on a basis of WSR system theory, and small watersheds were taken as the basic control unit to divide small-watershed control mode in Guangxi autonomous region. Supported by CBR technology, the case-base management system of rocky desertification control mode in Guangxi was developed, in order to improve the efficiency of rocky desertification control. The coupling theory was taken as guidance to optimize the layout of control mode, so as to improve the control effectiveness with coordinated development. The main findings are shown as follows:(1) Karst rocky desertification control mode system was established on a basis of WSR theory.The methodology of WSR system was introduced in this study, where karst rocky desertification control mode was taken as a system research, scientific connotation of rocky desertification control mode was remodeled from the system perspective, and the principles and classification systems were constructed. WSR research contents and work steps of rocky desertification control mode were proposed. The mode system has clear ideas, which can be used to well control the systematic analysis process of control mode and provide ideas for karst rocky desertification control works in Guangxi and the whole Southwest China.(2) The division of Guangxi rocky desertification control mode was established on a basis of small watershed.Referring to relevant research, the control mode was divided into four scales in this study, i.e., nation, province, county and small watershed. Small watershed was proposed as the control unit in the Guangxi rocky desertification control ideas with control mode division. A three-layer conceptual model of small watershed for Guangxi rocky desertification was first developed,i.e.,geometric small watershed, real small watershed and control small watershed. Finally, the Guangxi autonomous region was divided into208operable small watersheds for rocky desertification control. Then, the cluster analysis method was used for cluster division on small-watershed control mode from the perspective of county. The small watersheds with similar site conditions, rocky desertification degrees and sociol-economic attributes were clustered together for spatial division. Guangxi region was divided into four major categories of rocky desertification control regions, i.e., soil and water conservation+stereo agriculture+eco-tourism model control areas in northeast Guangxi, development of karst water+low-lying land drainage+biogas development mode control areas in central and south Guangxi, artificial afforestation+Soil and Water Conservation+ecological migration model control areas in southwest Guangxi, artificial afforestation+seeding for raising livestock model control areas in northwest Guangxi, so as to facilitate the macro practice guidance on rocky desertification control in Guangxi.(3) The case-base Reasoning management system of rocky desertification control mode was established on a basis of CBR theory.Referring to case reasoning principles with extensive collection of relevant information about southwest China rocky desertification control mode, the case-base management system of Guangxi rocky desertification control mode was creatively developed, in order to collect successful experience with control efficiency. The system has a high reference value on case description, case retrieval and matching, case adaptation and learning of rocky desertification control mode, where four functional modules were set, i.e., case storage, case management, case studies and case reasoning. The adoption of this system to configure target small-watershed control mode can be achieved through the search for rocky desertification degrees, site conditions and corresponding indicators, which can greatly improve the control efficiency.(4) The optimization mode and method of rocky desertification control were established on a basis of coupling theory. In this study, coupling theory was used for coupling optimization on factor subsystems related to rocky desertification control mode. Through the coupling between relevant engineering measures and site conditions, the optimal allocation of resources can be achieved, so as to adjust the control mode. Then, the optimized control mode was configured to target small watershed. After a certain control period, the evaluation was carried out on the coupling effectiveness of this small watershed to observe whether a good coupling existed between ecological benefits and sociol-economic benefits, in order to adjust the control mode. Such optimization and adjustment can achieve the sustainable advancement of control mode.