Research On Hakka Enclosed Houses In Guishan County Of Qing Dynasties

Author studied Hakka Enclosed Houses in Guishan County of Qing Dynasty, where now is the area of Huiyang District and Huidong county in Huizhou City, and Longgan District in Shenzhen City. Based on vast amount of survey data and historical documents, author used typology, historical analysis and comparison to systematically study the formation and evolution of Hakka Enclosed Houses in the region. The historical architecture types, structure and decoration were concluded comprehensively. The goal of this thesis is to enrich regional research system of Lingnan, perfect Hakka research system, provide theoretical reference for preservation of local traditional Houses. The thesis is divided into 6 chapters besides introduction part.Firstly, author summarized origin and development of the Hakka Clan in Guishan County of Qing Dynasty from macroscopic and microcosmic views, and explained the key causes of formation of Hakka dwelling.Secondly, based on vast field investigation, author emphatically sorted existing Enclosed Houses in local area and drew conclusion in their distribution properties and cause of formation. Then author deeply analyzed development of Enclosed Houses and change rules of building scale. In addition, origin and development of small quantity of Hakka Enclosed Village, which exists in this area whose is a non-traditional Hakka dwelling type, were discussed in this thesis.Thirdly, the thesis put emphasis on the feature and evolution of elements structures, facade, and conformation of Hakka Enclosed Houses.Decoration art is an important part in Enclosed Houses. Author used decoration means of Enclosed Houses as the beginning of the thesis, introduced main decorative techniques of Hakka Enclosed Houses: woodcarving, stone carving, grey model, wall-painting, discussed evolution of decorative style, and finally analyzed implied aspiration of decorative theme.Furthermore, the Enclosed Houses between Guishan County and Zengcheng County was compared. They migrated from the same place, along with the same dwelling type at the start. However, they developed into two different types. The comparison of their architecture features, development background helped to analyze the impact factors of development of Guishan Hakka Enclosed Houses.Finally, author discussed the protection, utilization and renovation of Hakka Enclosed Houses. Although tons of work were done to its preservation, but the actual state is not optimistic. The preservation status of Enclosed Houses was classified into 4 grades according to their historical feature, utilization situation and developing trend in the future. Two effective protection ways of Enclosed Houses were put forward. With some examples of work experiences in the preservation of Hakka Enclosed Houses, author brought up the rule should be obeyed in the renovation of Hakka Enclosed Houses: do not change the original form of the cultural relics.