Study Of Western Beijing Traditional Villages In The Science Of Human Settlements

From the1990s, our traditional settlements were widespread focus by scholars.But the situation of the research has been in the “hot south and cold north” conditions,which means the traditional villages in the north have the lower social awareness. TheMentougou district is in the western of Beijing. The mountains, rivers, old road,military defense, temples and goods supply promote the form and development of thevillage in this area. In recent years, due to the transition of the traffic lines and declineof coal industry, the villages developed slowly and declined gradually. And theinfluence of the modern industry civilization to this area is less than flatlands, becauseof the mountain is the natural protective screen to the villages, the features the livingcustom maintain completely. The prosperity in the history and the decline in lastcentury promote the formation of existing scene of these traditional villages. Thearticle choose34villages which formed in Ming Dynasty and have the northmountain area features as the research object, analysis on the natural conditions,geographical distribution features, Geomantic Omen, historical causes, village form,regional culture, architectural characteristics, street space&spirit space by the theoryof human settlement, and put forward suggestions to the adaptive protection anddevelopment of the Jing xi traditional villages.The content of the thesis is divided into eight parts. The introduction partdescribes the background, method, foreign and domestic trend of the settlementresearch, introduces the science of human settlements founded by Doxiadis, andcombines the five elements (nature, society, shells, networks, man) with thecomponent factors of the Jing xi traditional villages to form the research framework.Chapter2analyses the spatial distribution, topography and geomorphology, climateconditions and Fengshui features of the Jing xi traditional villages from the “nature”perspective. Chapter3analyses the cultural, geographical, religious, political,economical elements which related to the formation, development and spacemorphology of villages from the “society” perspective and divides the several culturalcommunities, which belong to the Jing xi cultural ecology circle, into the gradationsystem of the cultural ecology. Chapter4analyses the regional characteristics throughthe structure, material, decoration, color and the mode of the combination to the mountainous region from the “shell” perspective. Chapter5analyses the street andcommunication space from the “networks” perspective. Chapter6analyses the spiritcivilization space, such as the religious space, theatrical stage entertainment spacefrom the “man” perspective, explores the occupant’s psychological needs, moralconcept and code of behavior. Chapter7analyses the Jing xi traditional villages’symptom features in Ekistic pathology, which is the branch of the Science of Humansettlements. Aiming at the realistic problem that the historical buildings and culturalrelic protection units must keep the historical features’ integrity and meet the residents’requirements, this chapter not only suggests that the green energy-saving technologymust be merged into the protection, but also combines the protection of the existingbuildings and requirements from the residents, and seeks the prospect of thetraditional villages’ development.