| The test was carried out in Jin Jia Town of Changtu County in northern Liaoning,Agricultural Research Institute of Liaoyang City in central Liaoning, Guben Town of FuxinMongolian Autonomous County in western Liaoning and Geng Town of Hai Cheng city insouthern Liaoning from2010to2011.Using twenty-eight representative and popularizedvarieties of Liaoning province as experimental materials, maize production potential, featuresof population structure, physiological characteristics, quality properties and choices ofcultivar type were explored in order to provide references for maize high-yield cultivationand theoretical studies of different ecological regions of Liaoning Province. The main resultsare as follows:1. Yields of53.6%varieties in test were highest in Northern Liaoning and majority ofdifferences with Western Liaoning and Central Liaoning reached obvious level; yields of39.3%varieties in test were the highest in Western Liaoning and majority of differences withNorthern Liaoning and Central Liaoning reached significant level; yields of7.1%varieties intest were the highest in Central Liaoning only; but yields of all the varieties in test were thelowest in Southern Liaoning whose differences with the other three ecological regions wereobvious. Generally speaking, yield of Western Liaoning was the highest, Northern Liaoningwas the second and followed by Central Liaoning while Southern Liaoning was the lowest,and the later three ecological regions respectively reduced by3.39%,6.06%and19.92%compared with Western Liaoning. Differences of Western Liaoning, Northern Liaoning andCentral Liaoning were not significant, but differences between Southern Liaoning and theother three ecological regions came to highly significant level. The highest yield of allvarieties in different densities was the largest in Northern Liaoning, Central Liaoning was thesecond and followed by Western Liaoning while Southern Liaoning was the lowest, and thelater three ecological regions respectively reduced by4.90%,5.69%and9.10%comparedwith Northern Liaoning. Combining with precipitation, light, temperature and soil fertilityconditions of different ecological regions, production potential of Northern Liaoning was thelargest and followed by Central Liaoning. Western Liaoning can get a higher yield under thebetter conditions of precipitation, but Southern Liaoning was the lowest due to the worst lightcondition.2. Plant height of Central Liaoning was the highest, Northern Liaoning was the secondand followed by Southern Liaoning while Western Liaoning was the lowest, and the laterthree ecological regions respectively reduced by2.66%,4.70%and14.48%compared with Central Liaoning. Leaf orientation value of Southern Liaoning was the largest, CentralLiaoning was the second and followed by Northern Liaoning while Western Liaoning was thesmallest, and the later three ecological regions respectively reduced by2.21%,4.50%and20.71%compared with Central Liaoning. Suitable meteorological conditions of the earlygrowth stage was the main reason for the formation of tall and flourish plant in northernLiaoning, Liaoning and southern Liaoning. But effects of meteorological conditions oncanopy permeability of the middle and late growth stage were also larger. Canopy lighttransmittance of Western Liaoning the best, Northern Liaoning was the second and followedby Central Liaoning while Southern Liaoning was the worst. Better light condition was themain external cause for better canopy light transmittance of Western Liaoning and NorthernLiaoning; poor light conditions and above normal precipitation was one of the reasons toworse canopy light transmittance of Central Liaoning and Southern Liaoning. Transmittanceof0.5meters below ear position of Northern Liaoning, Central Liaoning and SouthernLiaoning was3.38%,6.94%and10.15%lower than Western Liaoning respectively.3. Characteristics of population physiological photosynthesis were vital for yieldformation. Photosynthetic rate of Western Liaoning was the highest, Northern Liaoning wasthe second and close to Western Liaoning and followed by Central Liaoning while SouthernLiaoning was the lowest, and the later three ecological regions respectively reduced by1.47%,8.22%and12.58%compared with Western Liaoning. Content of chlorophyll of CentralLiaoning, Northern Liaoning and Western Liaoning was almost the same while the decline ofSouthern Liaoning was the most obvious in mature stage. Leaf index of Southern Liaoningwas obviously larger than that of Western Liaoning, Northern Liaoning and Central Liaoningwhile Southern Liaoning was the lowest because of significant decline in mature stage. In themiddle and late growth stage, effective area of population photosynthesis of NorthernLiaoning was larger and effective time of photosynthesis was the longest, and itscharacteristics of population photosynthetic physiology were better; though effective area ofpopulation photosynthesis of Western Liaoning was smaller, effective time of photosynthesiswas the longer, and its characteristics of population photosynthetic physiology were alsobetter; because of the smallest effective area of population photosynthesis and the shortesteffective time of photosynthesis, characteristics of population photosynthetic physiology ofCentral Liaoning was worse; effective area of population photosynthesis of SouthernLiaoning was the largest, but the decline of effective time of photosynthesis was much moreobvious so its characteristics of population photosynthetic physiology were worst. 4. Content of grain nutrition of the different ecological regions differed from each other.Content of grain protein of Northern Liaoning was the highest, Western Liaoning was thesecond and followed by Central Liaoning while Southern Liaoning was the lowest, and thelater three ecological regions respectively reduced by12.66%,13.82%and15.57%comparedwith Northern Liaoning. Differences of cintent of grain fat of different ecological regionswere the same as content of grain protein, and Western Liaoning, Central Liaoning andSouthern Liaoning respectively reduced by3.45%,10.10%and16.62%compared withNorthern Liaoning. Differences of content of grain starch and test weight of grain of differentecological regions were both not obvious. Comprehensive comparison, content of grainprotein and fat of Northern Liaoning were both the highest while content of grain starch waslower and test weight of grain were the smallest; content of grain starch of Central Liaoningwas the lowest, content of grain protein and fat were both lower, and test weight of grain wasalso smaller; content of grain starch of Western Liaoning was the highest, content of grainprotein and fat were both higher and test weight of grain was also larger; test weight of grainof Southern Liaoning was the largest and content of grain starch was higher, but content ofgrain protein and fat were both the lowest.5. Plant of late-maturing and sparse-planting variety was flourished and its growthperiod was longer while its yields of Northern Liaoning, Central Liaoning and WesternLiaoning were not higher than that of medium-late-maturing and close-planting variety andeven in Southern Liaoning late-maturing and sparse-planting variety did not show its yieldadvantage, either. Spikes per unit area of medium-late-maturing and close-planting varietywas more and efficiency of dry matter conversion was also higher compared withlate-maturing and sparse-planting variety, and its reasonable plant morphology made againstto improve the permeability of lower part of population canopy and thereby increased therange of the appropriate density. With the improvement of the range of suitable density, yieldsof medium-late-maturing and close-planting variety in each ecological region improvedsignificantly. Therefore, panicle traits, economic coefficient and density-tolerance ofmedium-late-maturing and close-planting variety were much more coordinated, higher andstronger, and yield potential after density increasing was greater. |
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