Russian Several Modal Particles Scoping Study

Lexemic scope is a study method of lexeme, syntax and semantics which was proposed by Boguslavski, a Russian linguistic scholar. Its main study areas are lexemic units with negative valency structure, such as modal particles, prepositions, conjunctions, adverbs, and etc. The scope (сфера деиствия) is derived from a logic term. In logic, different brackets, stratified brackets, periods, or definitions of bracket levels are used to distinguish the scope of each logical word. Generally speaking, the scope of a logical word is an expression of language dominated or influenced, controlled or restricted by this logical word. If the scope of logical word is determined, logical form and logical rule can also be determined clearly. Although it is not a long time that the concept of scope in logic applies to semantic study of lexeme in linguistics, it is of great advantage to study the semantics of non verbs, especially the modal particles by the concept of the scope.Each sentence is composed of some language units. The meanings of language units form the whole meaning of a sentence due to the effect of some mechanism. The study of lexemic scope is to study the influence sphere of lexical semantic unit in sentence semantics, and then the relationship between the semantics of each part and the whole semantics of the sentence. Modal particle is a kind of relatively special part of speech. The definition of modal particle semantics in sentence depends not only on the dictionary definition, but also on the exploration of the related mechanism between modal particles and other words. This paper specifically takes three modal particles He, толъко, and даже for example to analyze their semantics and scopes. Through those analyses of modal particles, the corresponding relations between syntactic structure and semantic structure, and then the logical structure of sentences can be fully and effectively defined.In this paper, by drawing on and assimilating the philosophy, linguistics, logic, and etc., the author adopts the study methods of description and explanation, induction and comparison, and formal definitions to do a detailed and comprehensive syntactic-semantic study on these three typical modal particles. He, толъко and даже, in Russian. This study has important theoretical significance for natural language computer processing, machine translation, the construction of lexical information database, and artificial intelligence, at the same time, has the same significance and the practical value for foreign language teaching and lexicography.