A Study On Notional Words Of Single Syntactic Function In Mandarin Chinese

Notional words with single syntactic function is one type of Part of Speech in Mandarin Chinese, which can only act as a kind of syntactic constituent when used alone. Scholars have studied more on complement-only, attribute-only and adverbial-only, but have not made a systematic in-depth and all-aspect comprehensive study on the single functional words. In this dissertation, the notional words of single syntactic function are studied from the quantitative and qualitative perspective. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this dissertation falls into three parts, including eight chapters.The first chapter discusses the characteristics, range and types of the single syntactic function words in Mandarin, and the single syntactic function words "X-only", which can be in details classified as six categories:subject-only, predicate-only, attribute-only, adverbial-only, object-only and complement-only. The first step is to identify the word position of the single syntactic function words from the class of speech, and then according to the data statistics, to count up the quantity of the single syntactic function words, and summarize its general characteristics. In this section, we get the statistics after too steps, at first we use《汉语词类�'分手册》and《现代汉语语法信息词典详解》for an initial screening, and next we get the eligible cases again by putting the statistical word in Peking University Modern Chinese corpus (CCL) to test the words counted up in the first step.From the second to seventh chapters, we mainly focus on the six types of the single syntactic function words separately. The second chapter discusses the related questions of subject-only, mainly including the following steps:firstly, to define subject-only and discuss meanings of its separate stage in categories; then investigate the usage of the subject-only through the corpus; and after describing the internal similarities and differences of the subject-only by the statistical data; finally, based on the description to find the mechanism which cause the words having the special function. Following the above step, the third chapters to the seventh chapter discuss the related content of object-only, predicate-only, adverbial-only and complete-only. And the other chapters have the same basic structures, except that a new section on discussing the modifiers with "de" and without "de" is added in the chapter of "attribute-only".The eighth chapter expounds the common features and the value of application of the single syntactic function words. We consider that the single syntactic function words have the features of adhesion, positioning and specialization, Furthermore, through the example we can find the potential value of the single syntactic function words in the chunk teaching and the processing of language information.By adopting the methods of combining of statistics, description and interpretation, this dissertation makes a relatively strict definition of the establishment standard for the single syntactic function words, the acquisition of the data in every step is also beyond a corresponding-basis and standards of statistics. We use the methods of comparative analysis of description on the data obtained. The theory applied in this dissertation to explain the facts of language is wholly on the basis of the concrete examples.This dissertation proposes the concept of "the single syntactic function words", and regards it as the words which have much function in the same class of Part of Word. Our research may have overlapping area which has been studied and we also have a different focus, such as the "attribute-only" and the "adverbial-only" which are more strictly than the traditional "distinguishing words" and "Adverbs". This dissertation investigates the single syntactic function words within an enclosed overall number; specifically to each chapter we have the statistical methods and data. Through the statistic we can see the degree of attention of the research is proportional to the number of each class of words, the clustering of the single syntactic function words have its similarities and differences, and the specialization mechanism of each chapter is the focus of our study. It seems that each chapter has a different specialization mechanism but all reflect the semantic influence to syntactic function, the co-occurrence of the single syntactic function words can also tend to show the dependence on the compositional semantics.In conclusion, in this dissertation the following research work has been mainly done:establishing the concept of "the single syntactic function words"; the type, scope and word-class status; statistical of different types of data; describing the internal differences and similarities of each the single syntactic function words; preliminary extracting from the various types of clustering mechanism; finally analyzing the general characteristics of the single syntactic function words and finding the direction of application from the chunk teaching and the processing of information and other specific angle.