The Research On The Sentence-making Problem Of The Adverbial Non-subject-predicate Sentence

Are adverbs able to make sentences independently? We observe and draw a conclusion which is based on the predecessors' achievements that there are seventy-five independently- sentence-making adverbs (KF) in contemporary Chinese. This paper will give a monographic study on the syntax, semantic, Context function and the sentence-making ability of these seventy-five KF.Chapter One is the introduction accounting for the significance of this selected topic, the present situation of the research on adverbs, the inadequacy of the research, and then puts forwards the train of thoughts, ways of the research and the source of the language material.Chapter Two probes into the syntax stipulations of an agreement of the adverbial non-subject-predicate sentence. In the first place, we establish the range of the sentence-making adverbs. And there are seventy-five independently sentence-making adverbs (KF) in contemporary Chinese which are comprised of modal adverbs, time adverbs, negative adverbs, extent adverbs and modal-and-state adverbs. Then, demonstrate the independence and expressionability, the deletability of the adverbial components behind KF, the flexibility of distributing, the distinctions of the distribution and the function, the surrounding-independence: it can be divided into pre-independence and post-independence. The typical pre-independence includes the following conditions: pre-connecting response, pre-connecting coordinate. The typical post-independence includes: inquiring, the advanced-salient of KF and post-started negative commentary. The discussion about the requirements of the modal companion-seeking of the sentence-making about KF is followed. The focal point is the function of these modal words in sentence- making: "a,ne,ma,ba".Chapter Three discusses the semantic circumscription of the adverbial non-subject-predicate sentence .It is carried out from three different angles: semantic predictability, semantic category and semantic pointing. The modal adverbs can be divided into two kinds on semantic: judging mood and appraise mood. The former includes affirm, conjecture and will. The latter includes: affective estimating, attitude estimating. For negative adverbs, we mainly focus our attention on the comparison about the difference of semantic and that of the independently sentence-making of "bu/mei(you)" . Time adverbs are classified into six kinds: indicating future time, short time, time order, time frequency, simultaneity and punctuality. Their semantic characters will be depicted one . by one. The depiction about the semantic characters of the modal-and-state adverbs and range adverbs is at the end. In the section of semantic pointing, we firstly run back over the present situation of the research on the semantic pointing and the methods of this research. Then we describe the semantic pointing of KF by classifications: negative adverbs, modal adverbs, time adverbs, extend adverbs, modal-and-state adverbs and range adverbs, each of which has its own characters in the semantic pointing.Chapter Four discusses the chapter function of the adverbial non-subject-predicate sentence. It mainly involves the following: the linking way and chapter-linking function of KF. There are three linking ways: omitting, word-linking (word tautology, synonym, antonym and word-match), and conjunction. The linking functions of KF are as follows : 1.expressing consistence. 2. expressing trace and compensation.3. expressing explanation. (A. negative explanation B. assured explanation C. complementing and rectifying explanation) 4.expressing extrapolation(A.comprehending extrapolation B. conjecturing extrapolation C. summing-up inference ) 5.expressing transition (A. ancillary transition n B. negative transition )6. expressing condition 7. expressing concession.Chapter Five discusses the grades (or ranks) of the sentence-making ability of KF. According to nine roughly-divided classifications and sixteen meticulously-divided classifications: A[±situation flexibility],includes the pre-object and the post-object; the smaller sentence locates at the beginning, the middle and the end of a sentence. B [±adding modal particle]. C [±the frequency of being used]. D [+independence]. E[+the predicatability ],the possibility of becoming predicates independently ]. F [the pattern of the sentence structure .which includes inquiring , answering, catching, imperative sentence, self-recount sentence. G [±semantic self-supplied]. H [ + the scale of the domain]. I. elementary function, which includes [+chapter function] and [intercommunication function]. The more the above-mentioned characters are possessed, the higher the ability of sentence-making will be and the higher grade will be. Thus determines these three types: the strong, intermediate and weak ability.Chapter Six is the case study on the adverbial non-subject-predicate sentence. In this section we discuss: modal adverb "díqué", frequency adverb"ou'er", extent adverb "you dianr" , modal adverb "zuìduo/zuìshao" and conjecturing modal adverbs. Some of them belong to the individual investigation into the KF, and the others belong to the classificatory investigation into it. The in-depth analyses about single word or a certain words are expected by those case-studies.Chapter seven is epilogue. We conclude the innovation of this article, meanwhile we also summarize the insufficiency of it.