A Study On Beijing Proto-province Of The Jin Dynasty

The Beijing Proto-province of the Jin Dynasty is regarded as the center of thecurrent research. Based on the method of geography, the social and historicaldevelopments of the Beijing Proto-province of the Jin Dynasty were investigatedsystematically from the research point of regional characteristics and differences. Thedistinctions of the Beijing Proto-province in the social development and historicalculture in the Jin Dynasty are presented in detail in the current research. The regionalrules in the Beijing Proto-province, such as the administrative system, the distributionpatterns and the policies of the tribes, the economic development and environmentalchange, the military defense, and the regional culture and its interaction with thesurrounding area, are discussed in the current dissertation in order to discover theimportant position and role of the Beijing Proto-province for Jurchen rulers in theirgoverning the northwest frontier. Addition to the introduction, this dissertation iscomposed of five chapters.The introduction of the dissertation mainly introduces the study significance, anddraws a research scope on a special geographical place. At the same time, theintroduction also rationalizes and introduces the research results related to this topic athome and abroad, summarizes the existing problems, and expatiates on the basicthoughts and research techniques.The local administrative divisions of Jin Dynasty largely inherited from theregime of the Liao and Song Dynasty were determined according to the tribes, thelandforms, and the regimes. The ruler of the Jin Dynasty set different administrativeinstitutions which are the Proto-province, the prefectures, the subprefectures, andcounties in the whole country. So the regime of local administrative divisions in theJin Dynasty presented the coexistensive character between the regime ofMenganmouke for Jurchen and the feudal regime of local governments for Hannationality. Such coexistensive character was a unique feature in political system forthe Jin Dynasty. The Beijing Proto-province was the senior local administrative divisions and had very important strategic position. In order to defense the intrusionof Mongolian tribes in the northwest, the Jin Dynasty Adjusted continually theirgovernmental controls on the Beijing Proto-province. The first chapter focuses on thegovernmental controls and administrative organizations in the Beijing Proto-province,and is composed of four sections. The first section introduces the geographicalenvironments in the Beijing Proto-province. The second section examines backwardthe setting of administrative region before the Jin Dynasty. The third sectioninvestigates in details the local administrative divisions in the Beijing Proto-province.The forth section researches the administrative organizations and officials in theBeijing Proto-province.The regions around the rivers of Xilamulun and Laoha in the BeijingProto-province were inhabited largely by the nomadic tribes of Khitan, Xi, Jurchen,Han, and Bohai. The second chapter focuses on the tribes and populations in theBeijing Proto-province in the Jin Dynasty, and is composed of four sections. The firstsection introduces the changes of distribution for the nomadic tribes of Khitan and Xiin the Beijing Proto-province. The second section describes the changes ofdistribution for the farming tribes of Han and Jurchen. The third section investigatesthe cities and populations in the Beijing Proto-province. The fourth section describesthe special policy on ethnic groups in the Beijing Proto-province and examines thegovernmental policy on the tribes of Khitan, Xi, and Jurchen for the rulers of Jurchen.The Beijing Proto-province lay in the east part of Daxinganling, and was locatedin the border areas situated at the junction with the farms and nomads. The areas ofsubprefectures and counties had developed peasant farming, and the areas of differenttribes kept the traditional nomadic economy. The third chapter describes the economyin the Beijing Proto-province, and composed of four sections. The first sectionintroduces the farm economy in the subprefectures and counties in the BeijingProto-province. The second section describes the social economy in the nomadic areasin the Beijing Proto-province. The third section investigates the relation between thedevelopments of economy and changes of environment. The fourth section focuses onthe tax and currency in the Beijing Proto-province. Beijing Proto-province was the important military city of the northwest borderarea in the Jin dynasty. The rulers of Jurchen set a large number of troops at Linhuangand Taizhou to defense the aggressions of Mongolia and administrate each tribe at theborder area. Such tribes were subject to the Jin Dynasty in name only, mutinied andcapitulated constantly. They obeyed their duties and tributes, and attacked thefrontiers, when they submitted to and rebelled the Jin dynasty, respectively. So, therewere so many rebellions and wars in the Beijing Proto-province. Therefore, it is veryimportant to investigate the system of different local tribes and the oppositionalrelations between the Jurchen and the other tribes on Mongolian Plateau. The fourthchapter describes the military defenses in the Beijing Proto-province in the JinDynasty, and composed of four sections. The first section introduces the events on thebuilding of the great wall in the northeast part in the Jin Dynasty. The second andthird sections describe the military defenses and wars in the Beijing Proto-province,respectively. The fourth section describes the military organizations and theirfunctions in the Beijing Proto-province.In the mid-Jin Dynasty, the transportation networks between the Central Plainsand the north areas were formed around the center of Dading prefecture. The ruler ofJurchen increased the interactions between the Beijing Proto-province and other areasin the Jin territory by the means of bidirectional emigrations, commerces, wars,pacificates, boundary markets, and building great walls. The fifth chapter focuses onthe interactions between the Beijing Proto-province and other areas in the Jin Dynasty,and is composed of three sections. The first section describes the transport routes inthe Beijing Proto-province. The second section introduces the interactions betweenthe Beijing Proto-province and other areas in the Jin Dynasty. The third sectioninvestigates similar regional cultures between Han nationality and the nationalminorities in the Beijing Proto-province.The conclusion part summarizes the above five chapters, and makes a conclusionon the form of the special regional administrations carried by the ruler of Jurchen. It ishelpful to recognize the very important positions and roles of the BeijingProto-province in the governing the northwest countryside by the central government.