| The excavated bamboo and silk medical books possess rich corpora of which many subjects are involved, such as traditional C hinese pharmacology, traditional Chinese medicine, philology, linguistics, history and folklore, because of this, those books have great research values in studying the C hinese language development history and traditional culture. The object of this dissertation are thirteen unearthed medical books of Han dynasty. Those books can be classified into two categories, the first category are books unearthed from Mawangdui Han tombs in 1970s( Hand- foot-11 by Moxibustion, Yin and Yang Moxibustion by 11 party A, Yin and Yang Moxibustion by 11 party B, Pulse methods, Yin and Yang Moxibustion death syndrome, Ten questions, Yin and Yang combination, On principle of Universe, Q ue gu shi qi, Guide map, Parturition book, by mere figures we can tell that the majority of material are come from this category), the second category are books unearthed from Zhangjiashan Han tombs in 1980 s, they are The Pulse book and The pulling book. The manuscripts of those thirteen books are all lost, p lus, the archaic and abstruse contents and damaged slips made it even harder to read yet left tons of unsolved parts which required further investigate. For the past forty years, scholars from home and abroad put great effort in this task of studying those books and a large number achievements had been made, the number of monographs referred to word and character explanations up to several dozens, the number of papers of the similar topic up to hundreds, and there are also many entries scattered among acade mic websites and some specific periodicals. These results are not easy to find thus caused great inconvenience to researchers, besides, certain word’s interpretations have become complicated by vary opinions, some of those are even completely opposite, however, correctly understanding word’s meaning is the precondition of studying ancient medical books, based on the above reasons, this paper is dedicated to collect all the previous research results for those thirteen books then investigate them, we integrated theories of relevant subjects such as linguistics, archaeology, history and folklore. We focused especially on words which have questionable explanations and have remained unsolved yet.There are five chapters in this dissertation, the main body and bas ic structure are as follows:Chapter one: introduction. The first part briefly introduced the research status of those unearthed medical books then classified them according to their content natures into four types, ancients meridians kinds which include Hand- foot-11 by Moxibustion, Yin and Yang Moxibustion by 11 party A, Yin and Yang Moxibustion by 11 party B and Pulse methods, diagnostic kinds which include Pulse methods and Yin and Yang Moxibustion death syndrome,indoor medicine kinds which include Ten questions, Yin and Yang combination and O n principle of Universe, Qigong therapy and birth book kinds which include Que gu shi qi, Guide map, The pulling book and the Parturition book, after this, we then made a brief introduction about these thirteen medical books. The second part reviewed the previous and current research status. The third part mainly introduced the researching significance and methods. The fourth part provided a brief explanation about certain research principles.Chapter two:the interoperations for meridians kinds words.There are three parts in this chapter,the first part made a collection of interpretations for 23 words referred to disease among ancients meridians kinds books,such as闭,',马蛕,弱,白叚,浚,?,篡,,秃,,食,,王身,耳强and牧牧etc;the second part made a collection of interpretations for 18 words referred to human bodies,such as,贯【□】,,,,胠,,手,【头】,脞and etc;the third part made a collection of interpretations for 10 common words among meridians kinds books,such as产肉,就,,蹶,黭,农,疏,淫,与and左右etc.Chapter three:the interoperations for diagnostic kinds words.There are two parts in this chapter,the first part made a collection for words referred to diseases,such as面墨,目圜,目环(睘),雕〈雅〉and(櫜-睾)etc;the second part made a collection of interpretations for 17 common words such as筋,斲,听,圣,煖,徐(余)主,杀,and 朐 etc.Chapter four:the interoperations for indoor medicine kinds words.There are three parts in this chapter,the first part made a collection of interpretations for 7 words such as蝉,,虎游,虎流,卵and泉英etc;the second part made a collection of interpretations for 3 words referred to human names such as后姚,黄神and左神etc;the third part made a collection of interpretations for 14 common words such as,疢(吙),桷('),?('),(狸-黎),食阴,,,(沃)and写(泻)etc.Chapter five:the interoperations for Q igong therapy and birth book kinds words.There are four parts in this chapter,the first part made a collection of interpretations for words referred to Q igong,navigation and parturition such as九宗之草,牡狗,牡,卑(蜱)稍(蛸),(鱓)鱼and石韦etc;the second part made a collection of interpretations for words referred to human body parts such as颤,,鼽and脇etc;the third part made a collection of interpretations for words referred to navigation operating methods such as蛇甄,蝇恳and甬莫etc.The fourth part made a collection of interpretations for 24 common words such as定,,,去谷,辛星(腥),辛臊,闲,揗,盾(揗),循(揗),一□曰,质,轸and etc.This dissertation comprehensively collected words which had been interpreted from those thirteen medical books and this is unprecedented compared with earlier studies. We categorized them into 108 entries and interpreted 142 words, all of them can be divided into the following three types:The first type are words had been explained but the conclusions failed to reach into concordant,about this,we then further subdivided them into two cases,the first case are words which neither interpretations seem correct,based on all relevant previous studies we first ana lyzed their statements then present ours with solid proofs.As in the case牡卑稍in Parturition book,current opinions believe牡and卑稍are two individual drug names;another case is misread卑稍as蜱蛸then misinterpreted it as桑蜱蛸(桑蜱蛸was either explained as‘mantis’egg’or‘mantis’).However,according to source text we are entitled to believe those interpretations are incorrect.There are many specific prescriptions in Parturition book about how to conceive baby boy or baby girl,wanting for a baby boy,the women must射雄雉(shot a rooster),乘牡马(ride on a stallion)and观牡虎(watch a male tiger).They also needed to eat狗阴(dog’s private parts).雄(mighty),牡(male)and狗阴(dog’s private parts)are all represent male animals.We also found similar prescriptions from other medical documents that women wished to conceive a boy need to contact male animals,based by this we believe牡in牡卑稍means‘mighty’as in牡马(stallion)and牡虎(male tiger).卑稍should be read蜱蛸which is桑蜱蛸,Pharmacopeias had it桑蜱蛸is螳螂(mantis)and mantis have fetiferous function,by this we can prove牡卑稍is雄螳螂(male mantis).The second case are words have only one correct interpretations yet all the others are incorrect,based on all previous researches,we first analyzed all statements then demonstrated the correctness of the explanations we agree,like马蛕,opinions varied from大蛔虫(big roundworm)大疣(big wart)to大疮(skin ulcer).We agree with the conclusion of大疮(skin ulcer)after a series of analyses and demonstration.The second type are words would strongly affect the understanding of text yet haven’t been interpreted,we collected them and tried to study them,like辛臊in Parturition book,after counseling several classic dictionaries and ancient medicals books we believe that辛and臊doesn’t refer to their original meaning‘biting taste’and‘lard odors’,instead,they refer to plants such as onion,garlic,pepper,Sichuan pepper,C hinese chives,fresh ginger,cinnamon,star anise and fennel which have biting tastes and meat products such as fish,pork,beef and lambs respectively.The third type are words which have correct but superficial explanations,we need to further them down and improve new discoveries,such as白叚is The Pulse book,opinions had it叚is瘕which is女病(Gynecological diseases).We agree this conclusion but still think further explanation can be add,according to handed-down medical books,we believe女病(Gynecological diseases)has specific references which are漏下白候(this term was later interpreted as白带,白崩,白淫and白浊which is‘leucorrhea’),and this was recorded in Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun(General Treatise on the Cause and Symptoms of Diseases)By studying those thirteen medical books we hope our research results will have some reference value to the study of other courses such as traditional C hinese medicine and the history of C hinese languages. |
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