Migrant Workers Employment Capacity And Its Effect Of Urbanization In Our Country

Stiglitze,2001Nobel Economics prize winner, said that the high technology in the US and the urbanization in China are two main themes which will deeply affect21st century’s development around world. Currently, migrant workers and their families are the main groups of rural-urban migration. The urbanization of these groups characterized as the permanent migration and urban social integration. Under the background of industrial structure upgradation and harsh international competition, promoting migrant worker’s steady urbanization have been an important and urgent task for China’s new-style industrialization and modernization, and building a harmonious society as well.The survey from the Department of Human Resources and Social Security in2009shows that migrant workers mainly work for the following sectors, such as manufacturing, construction,hotel,wholesaling, etc. They receive relatively low income return. Some enterprise-owners commonly pay migrant workers using local minimum wage as the actual wage standard. Generally, migrant workers stay in the secondary labor markets and face with tough hurdles to get occupation promoted. All of these difficulties origin from employability disadvantageousness which is constrained by multiple factors. The enhancement of migrant workers’employability is the dependent factor of their employment attainment and occupational transition, and makes the substantial urbanization possible, and also is the key factor for migrant workers to participate in the new-style industrialization. It is a significant task for researchers to discuss the migrant workers’employability situation, its influential factors, process and mechanism, way of enhancement, and effect of employability on urbanization.Based on this background, our research constructs an employability analysis framework on the basis of micro,meso and macro objective factors, which emphasize the broad approach to observe migrant workers’employability and its constraint factors. Generally speaking, migrant workers’, especially new-generation migrant workers’employability enhancement is confronting with lots of hurdles.Based on this framework, this dissertation constructs a indicator system for employability evaluation. Using this system, we make a basic evaluation for migrant workers’employability and local residents’employability. The result shows the comprehensive score of migrant workers’employability is0.63compared with optimal value1. The score of macro-policy support is the lowest,0.54, under the passing line which draws the whole score downward sharply.For exploring the deeper affecting mechanism of employability, this study uses the method of in-depth interview and observation, which analyze the influencing mechanism of employability on migrant workers’employment attainment and transfer. Research results show that migrant workers’education degree and technical skills have important influence on their initial job attainment, and occupational study effect in terms of micro-level employability. From the perspective of meso-levelemployability, family burdens constraint the allocation of human and social capital investment resources. From the perspective of macro-level employability, formal social support resources have strong impact on migrant workers’human capital improvement and social network expansion.This research analyzes the effect of employability on urbanization. From the perspective of migrating willingness, marital status has significant influence on migration decision and employability factor has significant influence too. In terms of social integration, employability has significant impact on migrant workers’ emotional integration, identity integration and city-resident integration.Experience-learning is focused on Great Britain which emphasizes the institutional following implication for migrant workers employability-related policies, including national strategic framework for new-generation migrant worker’s employability enhancement, active labor market policies, personalized design for employability policies, local flexibility, local partnership during the policy convey.When it comes to the ways of improving employability, research argues that employability enhancement of migrant workers is a process of combination of multiple powers which include self-empowerment from migrant workers, meso-level load reduction, and macro-level policies endowment. We also argue that macro-level policies supporting is becoming more and more important. Respectively, we attempt to construct a policy supporting system with financial policies as physical foundation, livelihood policies as basic right-protecting and load-reducing function and development policies as function of empowerment and ability-increasing.Finally, we draw some conclusions and results, and mention some outlook for future research.