The Research For The Immigrant Employment And Influence Factors In Three Gorges Reservoir Area

Three gorges project is a remarkable great project, is the management development and protect the river key project, in1992～2009years of17years, move the city and county12seat, town114seats, moving and settling immigration1.2455million people, three gorges reservoir immigrants became the our country history the most large-scale water conservancy project immigration. After more than ten years of reference.in order to developmental resettlement, three gorges reservoir resettlement task to get a good finish, millions of immigrants "move that" target basic realization,"stability have to live" work wins initial success,"gradually to get rich" beginning.Although the three gorges reservoir area migration resettlement migration resettlement and support in the later stage work have made great achievements in certain achievements, but due to the three gorges reservoir area many people and little land the basic contradiction is prominent, the ecological environment binding force is stronger, the three gorges project construction large flooded area of land and large-scale popularized cover, make the contradiction between human and land more prominent, the influence of the three gorges reservoir area and immigration rich and regional ecological environment security and cocoa sustainable development is an important issue. Millions of immigrants to get rich and problem, not only lies in the relocation and compensation, in immigration own development process, its employment livelihood problems also gradually aroused attention. This paper, taking this as the base, choose be able to three gorges reservoir immigrant employment problem as the research target. Object, hope that through theoretical and empirical analysis, the impact of the immigrant employment relationship between factors and make analysis, further to hydropower engineering immigrant employment of research, to promote the government formulated three gorges reservoir immigrant employment policy provide guidance.From a practical level, the present part of the three gorges reservoir area after migration resettlement in insufficient employment, employment unstable state, the problem of employment has become the social stability of the important influence factors. Generally speaking, the labor employment enough problems in economic transition, in the process of the development of social transformation is the normal situation, but in three gorges reservoir area is concerned, has its special background and some prominent problems:(1) Removal after placement of immigrants, due to production conditions change, economic structure adjustment and removal industrial and mining enterprises bankruptcy closed, etc., influenced, in the new resettlement area, the new production conditions, the original production skills, professional technology and management ability is the basic function, and even loss of function, it is urgent to improve its employment ability, production skills, to regain their livelihood as soon as possible.(2) Of the three gorges reservoir is the important national strategy fresh water resource, in order to adapt to protect reservoir ecological environment the new requirements, the mode of economic development, industrial structure must be strategic adjustment, the immigrant employment ability and the employment quality must be in conformity with, can avoid structural unemployment.(3) Immigration by education degree low common, the cultural quality is not high, employment ability is weak, has become the Labour market employment difficult groups, high unemployment, become social employment anomaly concern group.(4) Realize the millions of immigrants and to become rich, except based on local development jobs outside, still need to encourage the labor force to transfer the employment, but the employment ability obviously can not adapt to the national labor market competition needs.From the theoretical level, the influence factors of employment, many scholars have studied the factors affecting employment mechanism. But the specific to the three gorges reservoir area this special area, the industrial structure, technical progress, public investment, human capital and social capital these influence factors of employment, and immigration of obtain employment relations how, is worthy of discussion. Research results will be able to obtain employment theory and non-agricultural employment theory reservoir development to provide strong support.Based on the established goals, the use of theoretical analysis and empirical analysis, questionnaire investigation, research methods, from the supply of employment level and demand level, on the industrial structure and technical progress, public investment, human capital and social capital these five factors and immigrants, the paper analyses the relationship between the employment, the main content is as follows:The first part:introduction. This part mainly introduces the research background, the research significance, puts forward the problems need to be solved, set research route, choose the research methods, for the arrangement of the full text of the structure and content.The second part:literature review and theoretical basis. In this part, according to the set, the first reviews the factors affecting employment, labor employment and hydropower project immigrant employment research status at home and abroad; After the general theory of employment, non-agricultural employment theory, human capital theory and social capital theory introduction.The third part:the three gorges reservoir immigrant employment supply side effect mechanism. This part mainly analyzes the technological progress, industrial structure and public investment to immigrant employment effect, the employment scale and the employment structure, the influence mechanism.The fourth part:the three gorges reservoir immigrant employment demand side effect mechanism. This part mainly analyzes the human capital and social capital in the immigration non-agricultural employment, how to obtain employment scale, the employment structure effect, how to pass the employment opportunity, information ability, employment adaptation ability, employment income ability, influence immigration employment effect.The fifth part:supply side immigrant employment effect the empirical analysis. Through the relevant econometric methods, and use reflect technological progress, industrial structure and public investment related variables, comprehensive analysis supply side immigrant employment effect. Analysis supply side effect of three gorges reservoir immigrant employment main factors and their relationship.The sixth part:demand side immigrant employment effect the empirical analysis. A related econometric methods, and use reflect human capital and social capital related variables, comprehensive analysis of demand side immigrant employment effect. Analysis of demand side effects of three gorges reservoir immigrant employment main factors and their relationship.The seventh part:immigrant employment policy system. Comprehensive demand side and supply side empirical analysis conclusion, put forward a perfect three system reservoir immigrant employment policy system.The eighth Part:conclusion and prospect. This chapter first summarized the main research conclusions, and then points out that the study of the deficiencies, and further research direction.Through the research that:(1) industry structure and employment there is a cointegration relationship between, the industrial structure through the income level change, output change and technology changes affect the employment structure. The industrial structure coefficient increased by1%, the three gorges reservoir area employment increase0.0375%, among them the second industry employment increase1.61%, the third industry employment increase2.193%. Explain with industrial structure of appreciation, namely as the second and third industry output value proportion, the rise of the will for the three gorges reservoir area bring more employment opportunities, driving the three gorges reservoir area employment growth.(2) technology progress and employment there is relationship between, technical progress through the industrial structure, capital organic composition and promoting of labor force quality affect the job. Technical progress factor is increased by1%, the first industry employment is less0.373%, the second industry employment will increase0.2525%, the third industry employment is the corresponding about increased by0.02%. Research shows that technological progress to promote the second and third industry labor employment increase, but the second and third industry labor employment can promote the technology progress. Technical progress makes the distribution of each industry tend to be more reasonable, as the second and third industry’s rapid development, they are of the demand for labor in the also will further increase, it will attract more the first industry of surplus labor transfer. Technological progress to promote the first industry of employees to reduce the proportion of.(3) public investment through the production expansion effect and multiplier effect influence employment. Investment static investment increased by1%, the second industry employment will increase0.8586%, the third industry employment is the corresponding about increased by0.083%. Engineering investment promotion in the second and third industries employment increased, but the second and third industry labor employment can’t promote three gorges reservoir engineering investment. Engineering investment makes the distribution of each industry tend to be more reasonable, can speed up the second and third industry’s rapid development, they are of the demand for labor in the also will further increase.(4) to attract more immigrant labor to non-agricultural department obtain employment, should from the young man starts. Because the young are more likely to be attracted to the non-agricultural sector. As the growth of the age, the probability of labor engaged in non-agricultural revealed a trend of gradual decline.(5) the labor force by the education degree significantly affect the labor employment. The higher level of education by the easier to non-agricultural sector, the immigrant families, let children accept more school education to the children of immigrants in the non-agricultural sector, so as to facilitate the change of employment structure.(6) the family income composition, engaged in agricultural production and operation income obviously against labor to non-agricultural sector, this is because agricultural income is low in thrust. Engaged in agricultural production and although can solve the food and clothing of the family, but can’t get rich family. Only engaged in non-agricultural, from nonagricultural income than engaged in agricultural production and income, it will be possible to let family on the way of getting rich.