China's Transitional Period Of National Mobilization Research

National mobilization is definedin opposition to social mobilization. It is aprocess that the state (government) prompts and organizes the society (includingenterprise, social organization and individual) to parcipate in collective action andto supply help with resource and affection, through influencing individual’scognition, affection and decision by persuading, imposing and inducing. Thecapacity of nation’s mobilization is an important part of state capacity, and is thefoundation of the statehighlight its subjectivity and carry out its function.Withinthe framework ofstate and society, in the method of normative andempirical research, quantitative research and qualitative research, thedissertationexplores the necessity, the history, the capacity, the operatingmechanism, the operational risks, the practical challenges and the operationboundary.of national mobilization.The transitional China faces a variety of challenges, including not onlytherisks in the process of industrialization, but alsothe risk in pre-industrial andpost-industrial society. Because of the features that the multiple, devastating,universality and inequality of the risks, the government should have the ability todeal with public crises. But the risk is only a surface representation of the negativeconsequences of the economic and social development. At present, in the Chinesesociety, there are some institutional and structural risks that take place in the socialstructure, such as the imbalanceclass structure, the weak social control, theincompletesocial security net, the unconformitysocial valuesand psychologicalidentity. Defusing the risks occurred in social structure even requires thegovernment has a strong ability to mobilize. At the same time, the nationalconditions of developing countries requires the government should retain amoderate capacity for mobilization, for planning the development blueprint,providing public goods, limiting monopoly and protecting competition, reducinggrowth costs.Since its creation, the Communist Party of China, through the three periods’mobilization practice that as the concept of violent revolution, mass movement and economic construction, the Chinese government has a strong ability to mobilize atthe beginning of the transition: through the control mechanism of administrativeorganization and the commune-units system, the state has a strong capability ofsocial control; through monopoly and redistribution the social resources, the statehas a strong capability of resource allocation; through instilling the ideology ofcollectivism and class struggle, the country has a strong ability to win theapproval.The carrying out of mobilization practices and the formation of mobilizationcapacity of the Chinese Communist Party and its government depend on theskillfully use of mobilization mechanism which includes framework integration,power controling and interests inducing. The framework integration is process ofconstructing identity for the purpose of promote mobilization: constructing the"framework" of the mobilization; through penetrating, inspiring, charming andthreating, the government makes the people come to identify with their publicpolicy and the values advocated; and then through repeated mobilization tostrengthen the framework of the national mobilization. But approval is just one ofthe driving forces for individual’s action that including coercion and intereste. Onthe one hand, the government compels the society to paticipate in mobilization bythe power that rooted in the monopoly of violence and the controling scarceresources. On the other hand, stimulating the individual’s needs of interests, thegovernment induces the individuals to respond to national mobilization for thepurpose of meeting their needs.Moderate ability is important for the state to deal with public crises, promotesocial integration andeconomic development. Butits operation essentially is theoperation of the sate’s power, which results inunavoidablecertain degree of risk. Interms of process, national mobilization easily breaks out the restrictions of therules, such as violating the nature of the public power, departing from the idea ofjustice, destroying the rules of the market, and infringing on the rights of theindividual; In terms of the state, excessive mobilization may result in the weaknessof the national capacity, through relaxing the state’s power of control, decreasingofthe government’s credibility, and the friction between the political elites; In terms of the objects of mobilization, excessive mobilization may be lead to the scarcityof social resources and the weakness of organization’s ability that active by itself,and ultimately lead to underdeveloped social mobilization. In addition, because ofthe "organized irresponsibility" in national mobilization and the boundedrationality in decision-making, national mobilization easily hides risks. The largerthe mobilization’s scale is, the higher the mobilization’s intensity is, the more andgreater there will be risks in national mobilization.At present, Comparing with strong mobilization ability in the early oftransformation, China’s national mobilization ability gradually weak. In terms ofpossession and distribution of resources, the development of private economy hasbroken the national monopolistic possession and monopoly of production andliving materials distribution. Individual is no longer attached to the country incareer acquiring and has more opportunity and freedom; In terms of organizationalcontrol, the commune system and theunits system associal control mechanismshave disintegrated. Socialmobility is increasing. Thegovernment’s credibility isreducing. All above these lead to the relative weakness of the country’scontrolability; In terms of values, the state is more difficult to construct identity byframework integration, because social values diversify and individual’s rightsconsciousness enhances; In terms of the objects, with the improvement of the legalsystem and social supervision strengthening, the public power is morestrictlyregulated and more closelysupervised.National mobilization is to concentrate resources throughout the country toaccomplish large undertakings. It is a major feature of China. But the undertakingsaccomplished may be good or bad. If use well, national mobilization will greatlypromote economic and social development; if not, it means that the governmentprompts the whole country to concentrate their efforts to put the state in the "bigbad" situation. So it needs to standardize national mobilization, to determine theboundaries of the national mobilization, to clarify the scope of nationalmobilization. In terms of applicability, the national mobilization should only beused to resist risks, integrate society and develop economy, and to improve theoverall welfare of the people and not vice versa; In terms of operation border, national mobilization should not violate the laws and regulations that constrain thepublic power, not disrupt the basic rules of market economy, not be contrary topublic opinion and not encroach individual’s rights; In terms of the improvementsof national mobilization in future, our government should moderately use and evennot use large-scale mobilization. National mobilization should be out of thepolitical field in due time. Part of the duties that the national mobilization assumedin earlier times should be gradually transferred to the market and society. Throughthese, the national mobilization and social mobilization strengthen each other andwork together to cope risk, integrate society and prompt economic development.