A Study On The Rural Culture Construction In New China From1949to1956

Since the date of the establishment of The Communist Party of China, she has a profound understanding of the rural issues. She explored how to develop the rural cultural construction in rural revolutionary base during the period of the new democratic revolution. After the founding of the new China, she made unremitting exploration in the construction of new socialist countryside and practised, proposed building a new socialist countryside tasks and requirements several times in different period. This paper focuses on the new China’s rural cultural construction research by selecting the seven years from1949to1956, mainly because the new China is in the national economic recovery, land reform and socialist transformation period. In this period, Chinese society is in the huge transformation period from the semi colonial and semi feudal society, the new democratic society to socialist society, rural society is also in transition. It has special function and significance in the construction of new socialist countryside and promoting rural social change by exploring of the rural cultural construction theory and practice of the new China in this period. It has an important enlightenment for us to understand the ruling law of the Communist Party of China and the law of socialist construction.The article is divided into eight parts. The introduction part is mainly on the background and significance of the study, review and status of this topic research at home and abroad, research ideas, methods and basic frame, defines some related concepts, and focus on the difficulties, and the possible innovations are explained.The first chapter mainly reviewed the Chinese rural cultural construction history before1949. From the late Qing Dynasty’s rural cultural construction, the article expounds the theory and practice of the civilian Association and Rural Construction Research Institute on rural culture construction, and of the Chinese Kuomintang Central and local strength on the country improved during the period of Republic of China, focuses on the significance of the cultural construction of rural revolutionary base leaded by the political power under the Communist Party of China in different periods. The political power in different periods succeeded in the rural culture construction, and lays a foundation for the construction of new rural culture in China during1949-1956.The second chapter mainly discusses the necessity and importance of rural culture construction at the beginning of the establishment of new China, analyses the rural cultural policy formulation process and main contents. To better the development of the rural cultural construction, the new China has formulated the corresponding cultural policy. In the rural cultural construction, the ideological and political education of farmers was put in the first place, at the same time they carry out scientific and cultural education, cultural infrastructure construction, development of rural cultural undertakings, which constructs the basic framework for the next chapters.The third chapter elaborates the ideological and political education of the rural cultural construction. Educating farmers ideological and political is the main content of the rural cultural construction. First analyzes the importance to carry out political education to farmers, and then introduces that ideological and political education toward farmers has different content according to the different social movements’ periods.The fourth chapter mainly discusses the education of science and culture in the rural cultural construction. Scientific and cultural education is the focus of rural culture construction. It firstly analyzes the necessity of scientific and cultural education for farmers, and then introduces that the party and the government strengthen the organization and management in order to carry out the scientific and cultural education smoothly, at the same time, it explains scientific and cultural education process, content, form and characteristic.The fifth chapter mainly introduces the infrastructure construction of the rural cultural construction. Infrastructure is the basis security and essential conditions to carry out the construction of rural culture. The newspapers and books, broadcasting, film, cultural centers (stations), construction of farmers’ club and library, theater and other infrastructure form the three-dimensional network of culture and education of farmers.The sixth chapter discusses the role of the rural intellectuals in the construction of rural culture. The rural intellectual is a special group in rural farmers. The first of the chapter analyses that rural intellectuals’ political consciousness and political participation consciousness constantly are improved in political life, which has the typical demonstration effect; they play an important role in the educational process; they actively participate in the reconstruction of vulgar culture movement. In conclusion, the rural intellectuals build the bridge between the party and government and the farmers, which has made an important contribution to the construction of rural culture.The seventh chapter focuses on the evaluation of the new China’s rural cultural policy in seven years (1949-1956), and explains the Communist Party of China main achievements, rural cultural construction characteristics, role, significance and its limitation. Based on the rural culture construction in this period, it analysis its enlightenment toward the current construction of new socialist countryside and construction of promoting socialist cultural power country.