A Study On The Chieftain System Of Northwest In Ming And Qing

It is a long process about chieftain system was establishing, developing and finished in China. It evolved from Jimi system.And it is formed with the development of historical progress. The establishment and development of the Northwest chieftain system, not only has close links with the history, economy and culture in Northwest China, also has a significant relationship with the Frontier situation in Northwest of Ming and Qing Dynasties. This gets reflected in the outstanding features of the Northwest chieftain system while a certain extent, also determines the development trend of the Northwest chieftain system. For the Ming dynasty, since the special conditions is particularly important for governance and Northwest Territories, Northwest Territories how to become both a first line of defense against foreign enemies, but also to become an important link between the protection of the mainland and Tibetan is clear dynasty, the most important issue. Therefore, the implementation of the Ming dynasty in the Tibetan theocracy, to implement a system of earthen stream chieftain implemented simultaneously in the Northwest Territories in the southwestern region of the "tu liu can zhi" feature is part of the stream with the official health system under the military regime Northwest chieftain system. Qing Cheng Ming system, in the context of the early Qing Dynasty Chieftain, the Northwest chieftain after losing to attachment Wei Ming Dynasty, the chieftain system has also undergone a major shift from the "tu liu can zhi" to "tu liu fen zhi "which have a significant relationship with the changes and the weakening of the strategic significance of the Northwest Northwest Frontier Qing problem. But in Qing Dynasty, Northwest chieftain gradually weaker and less easy to control, obedient to the premise of the court, the Qing government has granted some small chieftain closure. Since the end of the northwest end of the Qing chieftain system until the early days of final completion.Establish northwest chieftain system is an important part of Northwest chieftain system. For scholars of the more popular view: chieftain system was established in the Yuan Dynasty, this article from the Yuan Dynasty exist chieftain, but there is no bread for chieftain system and there is no reason for the Yuan to illustrate three aspects Chieftain system is not established in the Yuan Dynasty, Yuan existence chieftain does not mean that the establishment on behalf of chieftain system. Chieftain system should really establish the Ming Dynasty. "Yuan Shi" in Ming’s "local officials" complex concept makes chieftain in Yuan generalization, which is leading scholars to confirm chieftain system was established in the Yuan Dynasty of the main reasons.In the analysis of the Yuan Dynasty chieftain system does not exist, while, in order to further clarify the chieftain system was established in the Ming Dynasty, the paper started from the definition of the concept of the Ming Dynasty chieftain, chieftain summarize the main features of the Ming Dynasty, thus indicating the concept of the Ming Yuan chieftain relative terms more broad. Also through Tibet "seng zhi chieftain," the concept of research and analysis, pointed out that the so-called " seng zhi chieftain st" does not exist, there is only a monk. Formation of this misconception for two main reasons: Tibetan monasteries have both tubes people, but also the characteristics of the tube monk; Tibetan chieftain family in which one who is the phenomenon of Buddhist monks and two cases in the post. In fact, toast and monk is part of two different administrative departments Officials agency. Finally, based on the definition of the concept of the Ming Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty chieftain assessment system, sealing granted, inherited, responsibilities, rewards and punishments and so elaborate, in order to illustrate the chieftain system is well established and progressive development in the Ming Dynasty.In order to further clarify the operating characteristics of the Northwest chieftain system, the paper from two aspects characteristic northwest chieftain system and Qing Dynasties, the Ming Dynasty Northwest chieftain system "tu liu can zhi" the specific form of: "tu liu can zheng", "tu liu can she "," tu liu can ren "be elaborated, and its generation and development trend analysis summary. But also on the Qing dynasty chieftain system management from the Northwest and the chieftain "tu liu fen zhi " Chieftain characteristics and effects on other aspects of the Qing Dynasty Northwest chieftain done in detail.Finally, in the academic community for chieftain increasingly in-depth case studies, while the Northwest, this article will also be part of the chieftain Northwest as a case study, in order to look forward to chieftain the Northwest case studies can contribute, play feedback effect. But also on the history of China chieftain system under the contribution made their views from the military, political, economic, ethnic, cultural five. Summed up the existence, development and chieftain the end of the system is the inevitable trend of China’s historical development, social development was also in line with the status quo. Ming and Qing Northwest heritage under chieftain system has made tremendous contributions to the development process in Chinese history.