Research On The Governance Institution In Community Areas Of Urban Management In China

Since the implementation of reform and opening up in the past over30years, China’s economy and society have gained rapid development and its urbanization level is also rising. In2012, the urbanization rate of China exceeded50percent for the first time, which was a landmark in the history of the development of urbanization."Better City, Better Life" became the people’s hope for a better city life. And in fact, the city has indeed brought great convenience to people’s life and work. However, in the rapid process of urbanization, due to the non-balanced development between economy and society, especially to the lagging urban management system, there are still a variety of problems in the city management. For example, there are a lot of news about the conflicts between urban management and law enforcement personnel and street vendors; the dirty, noisy and messy urban environment has always been difficult to eradicate; and the municipal waste has been increased in a great potential. Many of such issues make people reflect what is wrong of our urban management.Institutionalism thinks that the system plays a key role in regulating human behavior, therefore the root of all social problems should go back to it. The author also believes that the lagging city management system is the root of many problems in the current city management. So we must reform the management system in order to change the urban management fundamentally. It is a premise of this article. The current fundamental problem of urban management system is the centralized management of the government. Although there have been market-oriented and social-oriented trends in urban management, this kind of centralized management system did not change fundamentally. Under this system, the urban management mechanism still dependents on the government. The urban management authority centralizes to the government and the government power goes to the higher concentration, by doing this the government tries to optimize the city management through the layers of management and control. But in fact this centralized system does not achieve this goal very well. The author admits the nature of urban management is the supply of public services and a choice of public service delivery model. The city management, as a supply of public services closely related to urban residents, should give more power to the basic governance unit-the community, in order to move down the urban management center and give full play to the community in the basic role of city management (in this paper a community is actually a community area, it is the concept of community in the geographical sense). The author believes that this is the fundamental solution to the current urban management.In the specific governance mechanisms, the author thinks we should establish a "community regional co-governance" model, the essence of which is "one core with multielements" system of governance. The so-called "one core with multielements" system is a management mechanism mutually cooperated and widely participated by community non-profit organizations, owners committees and companies in some districts. It regards the community comprehensive committee as the core, relying on community workstations, community service centers and community residents committee, treating community party, government and community joint meeting as the carrier."One core" is to emphasize leadership of the grassroots Party committees and government in urban management,"multielements" is to emphasize the broad participation of community residents, non-profit organizations and other units such as multiple subjects. Mutual cooperation between different subjects complement each other, thus better achieve the supply of public services in the community.In the specific research methods, the author uses the empirical analysis approach and chooses the city management system reform of Long Gang District as a study case. The author analyzes the background information, measures, main achievements and existing problems in the urban management system reform. Meanwhile, from the perspective of building up community regional co-governance, the author analyzes the countermeasures. In the arrangement of chapters on this paper, the author strictly followed the basic logic of "raise a question-analyze the problem-solve the problem," which can be divided into seven parts:The first part, the introduction, is to analyze the background information and significance of this paper, literature review, the basic structure and methods of this thesis.The second part is the theoretical foundation:concept definition and analysis tools. This section first analyzed on some basic concepts in this paper, such as the concept of urban management, urban management system, community and public services; Secondly, this paper introduced new regionalism theory of urban governance and discussed its inspirations on urban management reform and consistency of the research object in this paper; At last, the paper explored the nature of city public goods and analyzed the different modes of urban public services supply with their advantages and disadvantages.The third part, the trace of evolution:the development logic of our lower management system. This section generally analyzed our lower management system. Specifically:Firstly, the meaning, basic construction and characteristics of basic management system were discussed; Secondly, it analyzed the evolution history of our city lower management system; Finally, the main problems existing in contemporary China’s urban lower management system and their causes were discussed.The fourth part, empirical research:the analysis of the lower management system innovation of Long Gang District. This section first analyzed the background information of the urban management system innovation in Long Gang District; Secondly, it introduced the urban management system innovation and its characteristics in Long Gang District; thirdly, it analyzed deeply the characteristics, effectiveness and problems of the urban management system innovation in Long Gang District,The fifth part, improving by learning from other experience:Foreign urban lower management model and its reference. This section described the practices of urban lower management system respectively in the United States and Singapore. The United States represents a model of urban lower self-government management, while Singapore is more a manifestation of government-led model and presents its Chinese cities with references to the lower management system innovation.The sixth part, countermeasures:the build path of urban lower management community areas co-governance system. This section first discussed the basic ideas of urban lower management reform, put forward the basic model of community regional co-governance, and analyzed the model; Secondly, from a model of community co-governance, it analyzed the strategic issues of government transformation; Finally, social participation in construction of mechanisms discussed under this model.The last part is the conclusion and prospect. The author made some conclusions and summaries about the research, at the same time, some deficiencies and issues requiring further research were discussed.