Modernization Of The National Governance Capacity:Background, Connotation And Generation

In a sense, the development of human society is the history of relationship between human beings as the subject with all the other objects and changing and transforming of the object and its relationship with human beings in order to continue to meet human needs. From this aspect, national "governance" capability is human beings’capability of handling social obstacles and problems. With the development of productive forces, the contradictions and problems in human society showing a characteristic of "the moment" which is beyond the "original age" institutional capacity dealing scope, and the State and national "governance" capability is also able to develop, therefore, we believe that since the appearing of state, governance capacity issue is associated with the development process of human history force.On modern society, the study of national governance modernization is not only urgent for social development, but also for science development. On one hand, the process of modernization has brought a complex, democratic, informational and other social changes and problems, at the same time, sovereign national government agencies expose problems as institution redundancy, inefficiencies and other governance failures; on the other hand, from China’s aspect, the restructuring and development of Chinese society have had the value conflict, interest contradiction, environmental degradation and other social issues; meanwhile, China is undergoing a comprehensive deepening reform, requiring the enhancement of the governance capability. As far as the calling for the development of modern social science is concerned, on one hand, from the original theory of governance, the old national control theory, liberal economic theory, welfare state theory, classical social theory could not fully explain the contemporary social development or offering effective guidance, which lead to the emergence of social scientific tradition paradigm crisis; on the other hand, after1970s, new public management theory, public choice theory, coordination theory, self-organization theory have been produced and widely used in social scientific research which causes fundamental shift of social scientific paradigm.The modernization of national governance issue is not only old but also extremely novel. In essence,"modernization" is a concept of time, it is the "historical period of the era", for people of every age studies national governance "modernization" of that era; it is novel, because in the background of globalization, democratization and information age the study is how to achieve national governance capacity and adapt to the times of the "modernization". For this paper, according to the author’s available information, Western scholars’studies on national governance modernization are:the study on the producing of national governance capability, the study on the background of national governance capability modernization, the study on the connotation of western national governance capability, the study on the index of western national governance capability and the study on the method of western national governance capability. Compared to western researches, domestic researches on national governance capability modernization start later, which is1990s, and they are:the introduction of western national governance capability modernization, the study on the connotation of national governance capability, the study on the practical area of national governance capability modernization, the study on the interdisciplinary of national governance capability modernization and the study on Chinese national governance capability modernization.On the whole, national governance modernization itself is a complex concept. From internal, it is an organic combination of four concepts:"state","governance","capability" and "modernization"; from external, it is related and different with national ruling capability, national management capability, government governance capability, social governance, public management and public service capability. From the historical background of national governance capability modernization, complexity, democratization and information technology are the most significant and profound three background issues and features. As for the complexity, social complexity characterized as diversity and dynamic goes throughout the world, which requires cooperation of multi-centralizing, multi-level and multi-dimensional to deal with the diversity of the age, and also the cooperation of initiation, flexibility and opening to respond to the dynamic era. As for the democratization in the age, the time human society comes to the day of post-industrialization, people’s self-awareness, the ability to reasoning and science and technology have jumped to a higher level, people’s requirement of democracy have also climbed to a higher level, therefore, people ask to participate in governance, good governance is needed and strong governance responsibilities is called for. As far as the information technology is concerned, with the further improvement of people’s sense toward information and the development of information technology, especially with the creation of computer, Internet and mobile Internet,"information survival" has become one of the basic human survival mode, every man is the creator, communicators and consumers of information, on the basis of "material world" people almost reconstruct a "world of information" or "information society", therefore, people participate in national governance with stronger and stronger capability, more and more methods and deeper and deeper level.Marxist philosophy holds that the principal contradiction mainly refers to the dominant contradictions, which play a decisive role in the development of the conflict, compared with other conflicts. In the modernization of national governance, we believe that the connotation of modern governance capability refers to the main content of the national governance modernization principal contradiction, which consists of national governance modernization’s basic body, basic structure and basic characteristics. National governance modernization’s basic body contains modernizing governance capability, modernizing social governance capability and modernizing citizen governance capability. National governance modernization’s basic structure contains multi-center governance structure, entirety governance structure and internet governance structure. National governance modernization’s basic characteristics contain opening and inclusiveness, collaboration and systematization, legitimacy and effectiveness, interactivity and responsiveness etc.In brief, we believe that the core content about capability of national governance modernization is for pluralistic governance body to provide public services and address public issues with establishing cooperation mechanism. Therefore, cooperation is the fundamental aspect and core element to realize the modernization of national governance and the cooperation mechanism of pluralistic governance body is the logic generation mechanism of the national governance modernization. Take Serving people, equal participation and community lives as the premise of the logic of national governance modernization; take the continuous interaction, multi-trust and consensus between pluralistic governance bodies as the internal process of national governance modernization; take the construction and implementation of institution of national governance modernization as the generation and insurance of national governance modernization. To realize national governance modernization we have to understand the background, meaning and the logic of national governance modernization.