Study On The Resource Allocation Of The Graduate Student Education In Chinese Universities

The rapid expansion on the scale of Chinese graduate education has brought a scries of questions to the development of graduate education. Such as the shortages of graduate education resource becomes more urgent, the low efficiency of resource allocation, and without consideration of the equity of resource allocation. Therefore, it is very important to study the resource allocation of graduate education for optimizing the resource allocation, maximizing the output of the graduate education and solving the problem of resource shortage.Based on the theory of Resource Allocation and Educational Equity, the paper analyses the status of the resource allocation of graduate education in Chinese universities. The core of the paper includes three parts, the equity analysis of resource allocation, the efficiency and its influencing factors of resource allocation. And this paper studies the equity and efficiency of the resource allocation of graduate education from both the macro and micro perspectives, namely the perspective of31provinces and the perspective of high-level university.In the part of equity analysis, the methods of descriptive analysis and education Gini coefficient are used. The results show that the resource allocation among the31provinces’graduate students is equity, however, when it comes to31provinces’ GDP of average per capita and its population, the equity becomes low. From the changing between2003and2009, we can find that there is no apparent change tendency for the resource allocation among the graduate students. Compard to Gini coefficient which is based on the GDP of average per capita, it becomes less and less equity, and the Gini coefficient which is calculated on the population becomes more and more equity. And in the micro perspective, the hige-level universities’ resource is equitable distributed to their students.In the part of efficiency analysis, the cross-efficiency DEA model, resource allocation DEA model and output-oriented Integer-valued DEA model are used to evaluate and advance the resource allocation efficiency. The empirical results are as follow:1) The universities’ graduate education resource allocation efficiency is different in31provinces. The differences among31provinces are gradually shortened from2003to2009.2) from the view of regions, the universities’ resource allocation efficiency in eastern area is higher than the central and western areas.3) From the view of results of classifying the resource inputs, the31provinces arc classified into5groups, in which the differences among the provinces in group2, group4and group5are obvious.4) From the view of efficiency advance,5different models are designed for different requirments in different periods, and the5kinds of model plays a different utility to improve the three types of graduate education outputs. The added resource are allocated to the14provinces such as Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Fujian which arc bcnclicial to improve the graduate education resource allocation efficiency in all of the5models, while the added resource arc allocated to the7provinces such as Beijing, Ilcilongjiang and Zhejiang arc not benefit for the efficiency improvement in all of models.5)9of37high-level universities’graduate education resource allocations arc efficient, and the other28universities arc inefficient.6) From the view of results of classifying the resource inputs, the37universities are classified into5kinds, in which the efficiency of the universities with larger scale is lower than the universities with smaller scale.7) From the view of efficiency advance, the output-oriented Integer-valued DHA model presents the output targets for the28inefficiency universities. China Agricultural University is the one with the minimum improvement, while Jilin University and Sun Yat-sen University arc the ones with the maximum improvement.In the part of influencing factor analysis, the DEA-Tobit two-step method is used to analyse the factors that influence the efficiency of graduate education resource allocation. The result shows that the influencing factors including the external environmental factors and the universities’ internal factors. In the external factors, the commercialize degree has a significantly positive effect on the resources allocation efficiency, while the regions’ GDP of average per capita has no significant effect. In the internal factors, the funding from external sources has a significantly positive effect on efficiency, but the construction of teachers does not have a significant effect on efficiency.