The Fitness Of The Adolescent Autonomy Behavior Concept Model Construction And Scale Development

Using interpretative phenomenological analysis(IPA), i.e., through the semi-participant observation, and semi-structured interviews to gain from participants’ first-hand perceptual/empirical material; through the introspective method to unscramble the participants’perceptual experience data, from the experience perception of the study participants themselves about teenagers’ autonomous fitness behavior to summarize and get a sensitized conception: Teenagers’ autonomous fitness behavior is a fitness behavior from teenagers’consciousness, voluntary, activeness, self-regulation. Sensitized conception is similar to a verbal conception, it is a kind of non-defining concept, lacking of attributes and the details of the event, but it does provide the clues and enlightenment, which guides us to find the experienced phenomenon.The sensitized conception as a guide, through the open questionnaire survey to get the description entries about the specific performance of teenagers’autonomous fitness behavior from teenagers (mainly with high school students) themselves and their PE teachers, through the introspective method to unscramble the description entries, by way of the repeated collision between the practices (phenomenon information) and the relevant theories, the major themes emerged:(1) Teenagers’autonomous fitness behavior as a certain behavior,it has the basic elements characteristics of behavior, the description entries relatively clearly show the characteristics of behavioral elements. The first-hand data from participants’themselves is reliable, and it provide the factual basis for the behavior element theory. The theme of behavior element that emerged from the description entries is scientific and reasonable;(2) The theme of the demonstration of behavioral agent is the perceived self-determination, namely the behavioral agent perceives the satisfaction of three basic psychological needs for relatedness, autonomy and the competence. The behavioral agent’s relatedness(belongingness) and autonomy (identity, internal integration) in their subjective norms (i.e. cognition, emotion, motive, etc), and competence (competence) on their own conditions such as fitness methods, skills, physical fitness, anti-jamming, and attractiveness, etc, these fully embody the perceived self-determination of the behavioral agent. So, the perceived self-determination is the important component for the initiative behavior--teenagers’autonomous fitness behavior;(3) The theme of the demonstration of behavioral environment is the perceived autonomy support, namely teenagers’believe that the system facilities, significant others (such as teachers, coaches, parents and friends), public opinion, specific situation (such as physical education), etc, in the behavioral environment, that support their autonomy motivation, provide them with optional choice, support their independent in solving problems and making decisions, and understand their feelings, avoid of stress requirements. The perceived autonomy support is the important dimension for teenagers’autonomous fitness behavior;(4) The specific performance in the behavioral target and the behavioral means present the theme is activeness, i.e.the behavioral agent consciously select, optimize, compensate the target and means, i.e. the strategies of self-regulation SOC for the high school students’ autonomous fitness behavior. The strategies of self-regulation SOC (selection, optimization, and compensation) are the important dimension for teenagers’ autonomous fitness behavior;(5) To unscramble teenagers’ autonomous fitness behavior need to integrate the related concepts from Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and Intention Self-Regulation (SOC Theory).On the basis of qualitative research, through quantitative research that is through the questionnaire preparation, item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to further explore, update, and confirm, then found that:(1) There are three Mini-scales and demography essential information in the evaluation questionnaire of teenagers’ autonomous fitness behavior. The three Mini-scales are respectively the perceived self-determination scale, the perceived autonomy support scale, the strategies of self-regulation SOC scale, and the three scales have high reliability and validity all, they all can be used as a measuring tool for teenagers’ autonomous fitness behavior;(2) There are three dimensionalities in the conceptual modeling of teenagers’ autonomous fitness behavior, including perceived self-determination, perceived autonomy support, strategies of self-regulation SOC. The perceived self-determination contains belongingness and identity, body confidence, competence and internal integration; the perceived autonomy support contains information support, system/facilities support and fitness situation support; the strategies of self-regulation SOC includes select stability target, compensate/cope with loss, optimize energy means, optimize material means. It is consistent with the conceptual modeling from qualitative research.From the perspective of positive development in adolescence, the concept and conceptual modeling of teenagers’ autonomous fitness behavior were put forward, the measuring tools of teenagers’ autonomous fitness behavior with high reliability and validity were developed, and that in domestic related research field is still in the initiative; Focusing on the explanation of the behavioral agent’s experience about the behavior, and not only with such as the mechanical relationship between "strengthening" and "behavior frequency", namely stimulate-react (S-R) scheme to explain the occurrence and development of teenagers’fitness/exercise behavior, and it has revelations for the related research; The developed three sub scales can be used either alone or combinedly, and scale items are relatively few, score is relatively simple. So, it provides a good basis and beneficial reference for the subsequent related research.The future research should add weight to interest in the internal mechanism and the external influence factors, and structure the behavior mechanism model of teenagers’autonomous fitness behavior, and offer practical strategies; In view of the restrictions on the subjective and objective conditions such as manpower, material resources, time limit, etc, in the exploration and authentication phase for the scale, the sampling of representative and sample size were still be thought limited. The future research should be further expanded the sample size and its area, sampling from the scope of the high school students in the whole nation is the best consideration. In addition, the study found out that from the perspective of activeness, teenagers’fitness behavior can be divided into different stages, and evaluate the process and its dynamic mechanism from passive to active to autonomous finally reaches to automatic (passiveâ†'activeâ†'autonomousâ†'automatic), it will be a meaningful research direction.